第86章 Economic Heretics(10)

4.Spence's Tracts on Political Economy were collected with a preface in 1822.Spence is better known as an entomologist,and collaborated with William Kirby.

5.Tracts (1822),p.xiii.

6.Ibid.p.59.

7.Chalmber's Works were published in twenty-five volumes in 1841-42.

8.Chalmers's Works ,i,237.

9.This essay is not in his collected Works ,though in vol.xxi,it is promised for the next volume.

10.Works ,xix,and xx.

11.Mill's Political Economy ,bk.i,ch.v §7and 8.See Chalmers,xix,140.

12.National Resources (Appendix).

13.Works ,xix,306.

14.Ibid.xix,226,233.

15.National Resources ,p.48.

16.Works ,xix,64.

17.Works ,xix,226.

18.Ibid.xix,235.

19.National Resources ,p.158.

20.Ibid.p.160.

21.Works ,xix,262.

22,Works ,xix,75.

23.Ibid.xix,118-47.

24.Ibid.343.

25.See Ibid.xix,171.

J.S.Mill speaks of Chalmer's speculations with a respect which it is difficult to understand.

26.Chalmers holds that the Ricardian doctrine of rent inverts the true order.Fertile lands do not pay rent because poor lands are brought into cultivation,but poor lands ae cultivated because fertile lands pay rent.He apparently wishes,like Malthus,to regard rent as a blessing,not a curse.The point is not worth arguing.See Works ,xix,320.

27.Works ,xix,304-5.

28.Ibid.xix,370.

29.Ibid.xix,366.

30.Ibid.xix,322.

31.Works ,xx,247,296.

32.Ibid.xx,290.

33.Works ,xix,380.

34.The copy of Malthus's second edition with Coleridge's notes used by Southey is in the British Museum.

35.See Southey's Political .

36.Thoughts occasioned by Dr Parr's Spital Sermon .A copy annotated by Coleridge is in the British Museum.

37.Thoughts ,etc.pp.56,61,62.

38.Ibid.p.71.

39.Lines added to Goldsmith's Traveller .

40.Reply to the Essay on Population ,etc.1807.The book was anonymous.The first three letters had appeared in Cobbet's Register .Two others with an appendix are added.

41.Bentham's Works ,x,603;and Dictionary of National Biography .

42.See Dictionary of National Biography .

43.Hazlitt's Reply ,p.19.

44.Ibid.pp.139-41.

45.Ibid.p.117.

46.Reply ,p.263.

47.Ibid.p.344.

48.Ibid.p.284.

49.Ibid.p.287.

50.Reply ,p.351.

51.Ibid.pp.362-64.

52.Ibid.p.352.

53.Ensor's Enquiry ,p.294.

54.Ibid.p.441.

55.Godwin,On Population ,p.506.

56.Ibid.p.353.

57.Ibid.p.558.

58.Godwin,p.219.

59.See account o f him reprinted from Mackenzie's History of Newcastle and Dictionary of National Biography .

60.Reprinted by Hyndman in 1822,with a preface.

61.See Dictionary of National Biography .Hall's book was reprinted by J.M.Morgan in the 'Phoenix Library,'1850.See Anton Menger's Das Recht auf den vollen Arbeitsertrag (second edition,1891),for notices of Hall,Thompson and others.

62.Effects of Civilization (1850),p.86.

63.Ibid.p.71.

64.Ibid.p.115.

65.Autobiography ,p.125.See Holyoake's History of Co-operation ,i,16,109,278-83,348,for some interesting notices of Thompson.Menger (Recht auf den vollen Arbeitsertrag ,p.100n.)holds that Thompson not only anticipated by inspired Marx:Rodbertus,he says,drew chiefly upon St.Simon and Proudhon.

66.An Inquiry into the Principles of the Distribution of Wealth most conductive to Human Happiness;applied to the Newly Proposed System of Voluntary Equality of Wealth ,-1824.

67.Distribution of Wealth ,p.327.

68.Distribution of Wealth ,p.167,etc.

69.Ibid.p.310.

70.He wrote,as J.S.Mill observes,an Appeal (1825)against James Mill's views on this matter -a fact which no doubt commended him to the son.

71.Distribution of Wealth ,pp.425,535,etc.

72.Labour Defended ,p.16.