- 大学英语四级考试超详解真题+模拟(18上)
- 新东方考试研究中心
- 13444字
- 2020-06-25 10:35:45
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
News Report One
听力原文&译文
New York State plans to shut off the thundering waters of Niagara Falls, again, at least, the American side of the falls.This“once in a lifetime”event actually may take place twice in some folks' lives.[1]The New York State parks system wants to turn off the falls on the American side sometime in the next two to three years to replace two 115-year-old stone bridges that allow pedestrians, park vehicles and utilities access to Goat Island.
The American side of the falls was shut off in 1969 to study the build-up of rock at the base of the falls.When that happened, people came from all over the world to see the falls turned off.People are curious by nature.They want to see what's underneath.In fact, those who first came to have a look did see something.[2]They found millions of coins on the bottom.
纽约州计划再次让雷鸣般的尼亚加拉大瀑布断流,至少让其在美国领土上的部分断流。这一“一生一次”的事件实际上可能会在一些人的生命中发生两次。[1]纽约州立公园系统想在未来两到三年内让美国领土上的这部分瀑布断流,以更换两座供行人、公园车辆和公用设施进入山羊岛的115年之久的石桥。
[2]尼亚加拉瀑布在美国的部分曾于1969年被断流过,以研究瀑布底部岩石的堆积过程。当这种情况发生时,来自世界各地的人们到此观看瀑布被断流这一场景。人们的天性是好奇的。他们想看看瀑布下面是什么。事实上,那些最先过来观看的人确实看到了一些东西。他们发现底部有数百万枚硬币。
听前预测
利用播放答题导语的时间,快速浏览每道题的四个选项。由第1题选项关键词tourists和第2题选项可知,本则新闻很可能与旅游景点有关,听音时应侧重这些方面。
1. A) To satisfy the curiosity of tourists.
B) To replace two old stone bridges.
C) To enable tourists to visit Goat Island.
D) To improve utility services in the state.
Q: Why does New York State want to turn off Niagara Falls?
A)来满足游客的好奇心。
B)来更换两座古老的石桥。
C)来使游客能参观山羊岛。
D)来改善该州的公用设施。
问:为什么纽约州想让尼亚加拉大瀑布断流?
▶做题提示:四个选项都是不定式短语,两个选项出现了tourists,可推断描述的是针对某个旅游景点所做出的举措的目的。听到问题后回忆所听文章内容,结合选项作答。
▶解析:新闻中提到,纽约州立公园系统想在未来两到三年内让美国领土上的尼亚加拉大瀑布断流,以更换两座供行人、公园车辆和公用设施进入山羊岛的115年之久的石桥。因此,本题选B。
2. A) Countless tree limbs.
B) A few skeletons.
C) Lots of wrecked boats and ships.
D) Millions of coins on the bottom.
Q: What did people find when Niagara Falls were shut off in 1969?
A)无数的树枝。
B)一些骷髅。
C)许多船的残骸。
D)底部有数百万枚硬币。
问:1969年,尼亚加拉大瀑布被断流的时候,人们发现了什么?
▶做题提示:四个选项都是名词短语。每个选项的关键词分别为:tree limbs、skeletons、wrecked boats and ships、coins。听到问题后回忆所听文章内容,结合选项作答。
▶解析:新闻最后提到,尼亚加拉瀑布在美国的部分曾于1969年被断流过,以研究瀑布底部岩石的堆积过程,人们在底部发现了数百万枚硬币。因此,本题选D项。
News Report Two
听力原文&译文
The Tunisian government said Monday that 45 people have been killed after gunmen attacked a town near the border with Libya.
[3]The Interior and Defense ministries said that the Tunisian government has closed its two border crossings with Libya because of the attack.
The Tunisian Military has sent reinforcements and helicopters to the area.And authorities have been hunting several attackers who were still at large.The violence came amid increasing international concern about Islamic State extremists in Libya.Officials of the Tunisian government are especially worried after dozens of tourists were killed in an attack in Tunisia last year.[4]Defense Minister Farhat Horchani said last week that German and American security experts were expected to come to help Tunisia devise a new electronic video-supervision system on its border with Libya.
Tunisia was targeted last year by three attacks that left 70 people dead and were claimed by Islamic State.
突尼斯政府周一表示,持枪歹徒袭击了靠近突尼斯与利比亚边境的一个小镇,45人被杀害。
[3]内政部和国防部称,由于袭击,突尼斯政府已经关闭了本国与利比亚之间的两个边境通道。
突尼斯军方已经向该地区派遣了增援部队和直升机。当局一直在追捕几名依旧在逃的袭击者。利比亚境内的“伊斯兰国”极端分子引起了国际社会越来越多的忧虑,而此次暴力事件正是在这一背景之下发生的。去年,在突尼斯发生的一起袭击事件中有数十名游客丧生,自此之后,突尼斯政府官员尤其担心。[4]国防部长Farhat Horchani上周表示,德国和美国的安全专家有望来帮助突尼斯在其与利比亚的边境设置一个新的电子视频监控系统。
去年,突尼斯遭遇三起袭击事件,造成70人丧生。“伊斯兰国”承认制造了这三起袭击事件。
听前预测
利用播放答题导语的时间,快速浏览每道小题的四个选项。由选项关键词Libya、Tunisia、border crossings、fierce attack、safety precautions、terrorist attack等可知,本则新闻很可能是关于突尼斯与利比亚边境附近的恐怖袭击,听音时应侧重这些方面。
3. A) It suspended diplomatic relations with Libya.
B) It urged tourists to leave Tunisia immediately.
C) It shut down two border crossings with Libya.
D) It launched a fierce attack against Islamic State.
Q:What did the Tunisian government do after the gunmen's attack?
A)它中止了与利比亚的外交关系。
B)它催促游客立即离开突尼斯。
C)它关闭了本国与利比亚之间的两个边境通道。
D)它对“伊斯兰国”发起了猛烈的攻击。
问:突尼斯政府在持枪歹徒的袭击发生之后做了什么?
▶做题提示:四个选项都以it作主语,并描述了四种不同的措施和反应。听到问题后确定it的指代对象,回忆所听文章内容,结合选项作答。
▶解析:新闻开头提到,内政部和国防部称,由于袭击,突尼斯政府已经关闭了本国与利比亚之间的两个边境通道,故本题选C项。
4. A) Advise Tunisian civilians on how to take safety precautions.
B) Track down the organization responsible for the terrorist attack.
C) Train qualified security personnel for the Tunisian government.
D) Devise a monitoring system on the Tunisian border with Libya.
Q:What were German and American security experts expected to do in Tunisia?
A)在如何采取安全防范措施方面给突尼斯平民提供指导。
B)追查制造此次恐怖袭击事件的组织。
C)为突尼斯政府训练合格的安保人员。
D)在突尼斯与利比亚的边境设置监控系统。
问:德国和美国的安全专家有望在突尼斯做什么?
▶做题提示:四个选项都是动词短语结构,并多数描述了不同的安全防范措施。听到问题后立刻回忆所听文章内容,结合选项作答。
▶解析:新闻中提到,国防部长Farhat Horchani上周表示,德国和美国的安全专家有望帮助突尼斯在其与利比亚的边境设置一个新的电子视频监控系统,故本题选D。
News Report Three
听力原文&译文
[5]Three university students in Santiago, Chile, have developed a plant-powered device to charge their mobile phones.
[6]The three engineering students got the idea for the device while sitting in their school's courtyard.Their invention is a small biological circuit they call E-Kaia.It captures the energy which plants produce during photosynthesis, a process of converting sunlight into energy.
[7]A plant uses only a small part of the energy produced by that process.The rest goes into the soil.E-Kaia collects that energy.The device plugs into the ground and then into a mobile phone.
The E-Kaia solves two problems for the engineering students: they needed an idea for a class project; they also needed an outlet to plug in their phones.
[7]One of the student inventors, Camila Rupcich, says the device changes the energy released from the plant into low-level power to charge phones.
The E-Kaia is able to fully recharge a mobile phone in less than two hours.
[5]智利圣地亚哥的三名大学生已经开发出一种由植物供电的设备,可以为他们的手机充电。
[6]这三名理工科学生是坐在学校的院子里的时候有了这个装置的创意的。他们的发明是一个微型生物电路,他们称之为E-Kaia。它摄取植物在光合作用(将阳光转化为能量)过程中产生的能量。
[7]光合作用过程中所产生的能量,植物仅使用了一小部分。其余的能量都进入了土壤,而E-Kaia收集这些能量。将该装置插入土壤中,然后和手机相连接。
E-Kaia可以解决这三名工科生的两个问题:他们需要为一个课堂项目寻找创意;而且,他们需要一个电源插座来为手机充电。
[7]其中一名学生发明家Camila Rupcich说,该设备将植物中释放出的能量转化为低功率的电流,从而为手机充电。
E-Kaia能够在不到两个小时的时间之内为手机充满电。
听前预测
利用播放答题导语的时间,快速浏览每道小题的四个选项。由选项关键词battery、mobile phone、charger、plants、sunlight、chemical experiment、photosynthesis等可知,本则新闻可能关于一项充电新发明,并可能涉及阳光、植物、光合作用等因素,听音时应侧重这些方面。
5. A) An environment-friendly battery.
B) An energy-saving mobile phone.
C) A plant-powered mobile phone charger.
D) A device to help plants absorb sunlight.
Q:What did the three university students invent?
A)一种环保的电池。
B)一部节能的手机。
C)一种植物供电手机充电器。
D)一种帮助植物吸收阳光的装置。
问:这三名大学生发明了什么?
▶做题提示:四个选项都是名词短语,分别与电池、手机、充电器及吸收阳光的装置有关。听到问题后立刻回忆所听文章内容,结合选项作答。
▶解析:新闻开头提到,智利圣地亚哥的三名大学生已经开发出一种由植物供电的设备,可以为他们的手机充电。由此可知,本题应选C。
6. A) While sitting in their school's courtyard.
B) While playing games on their phones.
C) While solving a mathematical problem.
D) While doing a chemical experiment.
Q:When did they get the idea for the invention?
A)坐在学校院子里的时候
B)在手机上玩游戏的时候。
C)在解一道数学题的时候。
D)在做一个化学实验的时候。
问:他们在什么时候有了这项发明的创意?
▶做题提示:四个选项均以while开头,推测本题问的应该是某件事发生在什么时候。听到问题后立刻回忆所听文章内容,结合选项作答。
▶解析:新闻中提到,这三名理工科学生是坐在学校的院子里的时候有了这个装置的创意的,由此可知,本题应选A。
7. A) It increases the applications of mobile phones.
B) It speeds up the process of photosynthesis.
C) It improves the reception of mobile phones.
D) It collects the energy released by plants.
Q:What does the speaker say about the invention?
A)它增添了手机的应用。
B)它加速了光合作用的进程。
C)它改善了手机的接收效果。
D)它收集植物释放的能量。
问:关于该项发明,讲话者说了什么?
▶做题提示:四个选项均以it开头,均为一般陈述句,推测本题应该以what提问。听到问题后立刻回忆所听文章内容,结合选项作答。
▶解析:新闻中提到,光合作用过程中所产生的能量,植物仅使用了一小部分,其余的能量都进入了土壤,而E-Kaia收集这些能量。新闻结尾提到,其中一名学生发明家Camila Rupcich说,该设备将植物中释放出的能量转化为低功率的电流,从而为手机充电。由此可知,该项发明主要是通过收集植物释放的能量,将其转化为电能,来给手机充电。因此,本题选D。
Section B
Conversation One
听力原文&译文
M:Good morning.What can I do for you?
W:Good morning.Could I talk to Jeffery Harding, please?
M:Speaking.
W:Hello, Jeff.It's Helen.[8]I got your message on the answering machine.What's the problem?
M:Oh, Helen.Well, it's the Grimsby plant again, I'm afraid.[9]The robots on Line Three have gone wrong, and the line is at a standstill.
W:Can't you replace them with the stand-ins?
M:I'm afraid not.The stand-ins are already in use on Line Six.And the ones from Line Six are being serviced.
W:When did this happen, Jeff?
M:Well, they've been making a low continuous sound for a day or two, but they finally went dead at 2:30 this afternoon.
W:I see.What did you do? Have you tried the whole plant?
M:Not yet, Helen.[10]I thought I'd better get your OK first.
W:OK.Get on the phone to Tom, and try to get their stand-ins over tonight.We have to be back at full capacity tomorrow morning.Is it a major job to repair our robots?
M:About a week.That's what the maintenance engineer says.
W:Right.Well, if you can get the ones from a whole, please ask Tom to inform Sheffield that he may need their stand-ins in case of emergency during the next week.
M:OK.Thank you very much, Helen.
W:You're most welcome.
M:[11]Sorry to spoil your day-off.
W:It doesn't matter.
男:早上好。有什么需要帮助的吗?
女:早上好。请找杰弗里·哈丁接电话好吗?
男:请讲。
女:你好,杰夫。我是海伦。[8]我在电话留言机上听到了你的留言。有什么事情吗?
男:哦,海伦。是这样的,恐怕又是格里姆斯比工厂的事。[9]三号生产线上的操控机器人出了故障,生产线处于停滞状态。
女:不能用备用机器人替换它们吗?
男:恐怕不行。备用机器人已经用在六号生产线上了。而以前用于六号生产线上的机器人目前处于维修状态。
女:这是什么时候发生的呢,杰夫?
男:呃,它们接连一两天都发出了连续低声的噪音,最后于今天下午2:30完全坏掉了。
女:我了解了。你做了什么处理吗?是否已经对整个工厂的机器人进行了检测?
男:还没有,海伦。[10]我认为最好先得到你的许可。
女:好的。给汤姆打个电话,今晚尽量借用他们的备用机器人。我们必须在明早恢复全能生产。修理我们的机器人是项大工程吗?
男:会花一周左右的时间。维修工程师这么说的。
女:好的。嗯,如果你能借用到我们所需要的全部备用机器人的话,就请汤姆通知谢菲尔德,为了防止出现紧急情况,下周汤姆可能需要他们的备用机器人。
男:好的。非常感谢,海伦。
女:你太客气了。
男:[11]在您休假时打扰了,抱歉。
女:没关系。
8. A) He visited the workshops in the Grimsby plant.
B) He called the woman and left her a message.
C) He used stand-ins as replacements on all lines.
D) He asked a technician to fix the broken production line.
Q: What did the man do before the telephone conversation?
A)他参观了格里姆斯比工厂的车间。
B)他给女士打了电话并给她留了言。
C)他将备用机器人替换到所有生产线上了。
D)他请技术人员修理了出故障的生产线。
问:在电话交谈之前,男士做了什么?
▶听前预测四个选项均以he开头,并且都是过去时态,都是描述he过去做过的事情。
结论:本题很可能考查某人在过去的某个时间做过的某事,听音时应重点关注与选项关键词相关的信息,明确he的指代对象。
▶解析:女士说,在电话留言机上听到了男士的留言,因此可以说明,在开始这次电话交谈之前,男士给女士打过电话并留言了,B项为正确答案。男士在对话中提到格里姆斯比工厂出了一些问题,而不是说他去参观了工厂,所以A项属于无中生有,需排除。对话中提到男士将备用机器人换到了六号生产线上,而并非所有的生产线上,所以C项也可排除。D项在对话中未提及,可排除。
9. A) It is the most modern production line.
B) It assembles super-intelligent robots.
C) It has stopped working completely.
D) It is going to be upgraded soon.
Q: What does the man say about Line Three in the Grimsby plant?
A)它是最先进的生产线。
B)它装配有超级智能的机器人。
C)它已经完全停止工作了。
D)它很快就要升级了。
问:关于格里姆斯比工厂的三号生产线,男士说了什么?
▶听前预测四个选项均以it开头,并且都描述了it的细节特点。两项含有表示生产线或机器人的词语(production line、robots),另两项含有表示故障或升级的表达(stopped working、upgradeD)。
结论:本题很可能考查某事物的特点,根据选项的关键词可以推断出it的指代对象很可能是某种机器或者生产设备。应首先明确it的指代对象,听到问题后,再与具体的选项进行匹配。
▶解析:男士在对话中提到三号生产线上的操控机器人出了故障,生产线处于停滞状态,C项的描述与对话内容相符,因此为正确答案。A、B和D三项对话中均未提及,因此可排除。
10. A) To seek her permission.
B) To place an order for robots.
C) To request her to return at once.
D) To ask for Tom's phone number.
Q: What is the man's purpose in calling the women?
A)为了征求她的许可。
B)为了订购机器人。
C)为了要求她立刻返回。
D)为了要汤姆的电话号码。
问:男士给女士打电话的目的是什么?
▶听前预测四个选项均为不定式短语,分别涉及征求许可、订购机器人、要求女士返回和索要电话号码。
结论:本题很可能考查做某事的目的,听音时应重点关注对话双方或对话中所涉及对象做某事的目的或出发点。
▶解析:女士问男士是否对故障做了什么处理,男士回答说想先征得她的同意,即打电话的目的就是希望获得许可。A项的说法与对话描述内容一致,故为正确答案。B、C和D三项对话中均未提及,故可排除。
11. A) She is on duty.
B) She is having her day off.
C) She is on sick leave.
D) She is abroad on business.
Q: Where is the woman at the time of the conversation?
A)她在值班。
B)她在休假。
C)她在休病假。
D)她在国外出差。
问:在谈话的时候,女士在哪里?
▶听前预测四个选项均以she开头,都是主系表结构,描述了she的状态。
结论:本题很可能考查某人在某个特定的时间段在做什么或者处于什么状态。听音时应注意涉及时间段的表达以及该时间段中某人所做的事情,明确she的指代对象。
▶解析:男士在对话最后向女士表达了歉意,称自己在她休假时打扰了她,由此可知,女士在电话交谈之际正在休假。A项属于干扰项,如果没有听清对话结尾处男士说的话,则很可能会错选该项,因为打电话的双方一直在交流工作中遇到的问题。C项和D项在对话中未提及,所以可排除。
Conversation Two
听力原文&译文
W:This is Kerry Burke, from New York Daily News.[13]I'm speaking to Delroy Simmonds, an unemployed Brooklyn man who missed a job interview Tuesday for the best reasons.[12][14]He was saving the life of a 9-month-old boy who was blown into the path of an oncoming subway train by a high wind.
M:Everybody is making me out to be some sort of superhero.I'm just an ordinary person, and the father of two.Anybody in that situation would've done what I did.
W:You were going to an interview when the incident occurred, right?
M:Yes, I was on my way to apply for a maintenance position.I've been looking for a job for a year and more.I'm looking for something to support my family.
W:Tell us what happened at the station?
M:There was a strong wind.It had to be 30 to 40 miles an hour? There was a woman with 4 kids.One was in a pushchair.[14]The wind blew the baby onto the tracks.
W:[15]Witnesses said people were looking on in horror, as the child's mother identified by sources as Maria Zamara stood frozen in shock.In the distance, people could see the train rounding a bend headed into the station.I guess you were not aware of any of this, right?
M:No, I just jumped down and grabbed the baby.The train was coming around the corner as I lifted the baby from the tracks.I really wasn't thinking.
W:What an amazing story!Thank you very much.
女:我是《纽约每日新闻》的克里·布尔克。[13]我正在采访的这位男士叫德罗依·西蒙斯,他是一位来自布鲁克林的失业者,他因为一个最正当的理由错过了周二的求职面试。[12][14]那天他在地铁即将到站时,救下了一名被疾风刮下轨道的九个月大的男孩。
男:所有人都把我当成了某种意义上的超级英雄。可我只是一个普通人,是两个孩子的父亲。任何人处在当时的情况下都会像我那么做的。
女:事故发生的时候,你正赶着去面试,对吗?
男:是的。我正要去面试维修工的职位。我找工作已经有一年多的时间了,希望可以找到养家糊口的工作。
女:能跟我们谈谈当时地铁站内发生了什么吗?
男:那时风很大。大概时速可达30~40英里吧。车站有位女士带着四个孩子,其中有个孩子还在婴儿车里。[14]大风把车里的婴儿刮下轨道。
女:[15]目击者称周围的人们都惊恐地围观。婴儿的母亲,据信息来源确认为玛利亚·扎玛拉,震惊地呆站在原地。人们可以看到不远处列车已经转弯,并朝车站驶来。我猜想你一定没注意到这一切,是吗?
男:没注意,我只是跳下轨道,抓住了孩子。当我把孩子从轨道那抱上来的时候,列车马上就来了。我当时真没多想。
女:多么令人震惊的故事啊!非常感谢你(的分享)。
12. A) He saved a baby boy's life.
B) He wanted to be a superhero.
C) He prevented a train crash.
D) He was a witness to an accident.
Q: What did Kerry Burke from New York Daily News say about the man?
A)他挽救了一名男婴的生命。
B)他想当一名超级英雄。
C)他阻止了一场火车相撞事故。
D)他是一起事故的目击者。
问:来自《纽约每日新闻》的克里·布尔克谈到了男士的什么信息?
▶听前预测四个选项均以he开头,且都是过去时态,均描述he在过去做过的事情。
结论:本题可能考查某人在过去的某个时间做的某事。听音时应首先弄清楚he的指代对象,重点关注与选项关键词相关的表达,听到题目后,再做匹配。
▶解析:女士在采访中提到,男士于周二在地铁站救下了一名突然被疾风刮下轨道的九个月大的男孩,A选项的描述与对话内容相符,因此为正确答案。男士在采访中说,所有人都认为他是超级英雄,而并没有说自己想当一名超级英雄,所以可排除B项。C项和D项对话中并未提及,因此均可排除。
13. A) He has a 9-month-old boy.
B) He is currently unemployed.
C) He enjoys the interview.
D) He commutes by subway.
Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
A)他有一个九个月大的儿子。
B)他目前失业了。
C)他喜欢面试。
D)他乘地铁上下班。
问:我们能从谈话中知道男士的什么信息?
▶听前预测四个选项均以he开头,并且都描述he的某种特征或状态。其中三项含有与工作相关的表达(unemployed、interview、commutes)。
结论:本题很可能考查he的相关特征或状态,并且这一特征或状态很可能与工作相关。听音时需重点关注与选项关键词相关的内容,特别需要重点关注和工作相关的表达。
▶解析:女士在采访的开头就介绍说,男士是一位来自布鲁克林的失业者,最近在找工作,因此B项为正确答案。采访中说,男士于周二在地铁站里救下了一个九个月大的男婴,而并不是说他自己有一个九个月大的儿子,因此A项可排除。男士提到自己找了一年多的工作,希望可以养家糊口,并没有说自己喜欢面试,因此C项属于主观臆断,需排除。D项在对话中未提及,因此也可排除。
14.A) A rock on the tracks.
B) A misplaced pushchair.
C) A strong wind.
D) A speeding car.
Q: What caused the incident?
A)轨道上的一块石头。
B)一个放错位置的婴儿车。
C)一阵疾风。
D)一辆超速行驶的汽车。
问:引起事故的原因是什么?
▶听前预测四个选项均为名词短语,两项含有贬义色彩(misplaced、strong winD) ,两项含有与交通相关的描述(tracks、car)。
结论:本题很可能考查导致某种事故发生的因素,而这一事故很可能与交通相关。听音时应重点关注选项中提到的事物,同时也要注意对话中可能提到的某个事故。
▶解析:男士在描述事故发生的经过时说,是疾风把车里的婴儿刮下轨道,因此可以推知是疾风导致了事故的发生,C项为正确答案。B项属于干扰项,对话中确实提到了婴儿车,但是并未提及它是不是被放错了位置,故B项可排除。A项和D项属于主观臆断,在对话中没有根据,因此也需排除。
15. A) She stood motionless in shock.
B) She cried bitterly.
C) She called the police at once.
D) She shouted for help.
Q: How did the mother react when the incident occurred?
A)她惊呆了。
B)她悲痛地哭了。
C)她立刻打电话报警。
D)她呼喊着求救。
问:当事故发生的时候,母亲是什么反应?
▶听前预测四个选项均以she开头,并且都是过去时态。其中两项涉及与she的状态相关的描述(stood motionless、cried bitterly),另外两项涉及与具体措施相关的表达(called the police、shouted for helP)。
结论:本题很可能考查she在过去的某个时间做的某事,或者对某件事情采取的某项措施。听音时应明确she的指代对象,然后结合题目选出正确答案。
▶解析:女士在采访中描述说,一些可靠的信息来源说事故主角的母亲当时震惊地呆站在原地,A项与此描述吻合,故为正确答案。B、C和D三项在对话中均未提及,故可排除。
Section C
Passage One
听力原文&译文
There's one sound that gets a big reaction from kids on a hot day—the sound of an ice-cream truck.Maria McCartney has been in the mobile ice-cream business since 2005.[16]“When I was a little girl, I saw an ice-cream truck and knew I wanted to have one someday,”McCartney said.During the hot days of summer, Maria and her daughter drive an ice-cream truck through neighborhoods and parks in Billings.[17]It's not about making money for this former elementary school teacher.Rather, she wants to preserve the tradition of the neighborhood ice-cream truck.“Truly my favorite part is to see the kids jumping up and down, and they just get so excited.It's great to build a memory for them too.There are not a lot of these ice-cream trucks around anymore.The parents come out bare-foot and screaming, ready to buy ice-cream.They remember when they were kids they saw a truck,”She said.While the treats may be ice cold, Maria has a warm heart for little faces.[18]Her truck features a donation bucket for kids who don't have money for ice-cream.“When there are three kids and only two of them have money, I always make sure the third one gets something, because I can't drive away and have that third one not have something,”she said.
热天里,有个声音总会让孩子们反应强烈,那就是冰激凌车到来的声音。自从2005年以来,玛丽亚·麦卡特尼就在流动贩卖冰激凌了。[16]“在我还是个小女孩的时候,我看到了一辆冰激凌车,然后我就知道将来某一天我要拥有一辆。”玛丽亚·麦卡特尼这样说道。在炎热的夏日里,玛丽亚和她的女儿开着冰激凌车走遍了比林斯的大街小巷和各处公园。[17]对于这位曾经的小学教师来说,售卖冰激凌并非为了赚钱。相反,她想要保留开着冰激凌车走街串巷卖冰激凌的传统。“的确,我最喜欢看到的是孩子们蹦蹦跳跳的样子,(看到冰激凌车)他们就会变得非常兴奋。还能为他们留下美好的回忆,这一点也很好。现在,周围没有多少这样的冰激凌车了。家长们光着脚走出家门,呼喊着要买冰激凌。他们记得,当他们还是小孩子的时候,他们会看到(冰激凌)车。”她说道。尽管冰激凌或许是冰凉的,玛丽亚对这一张张小脸却是热情的。[18]她的车有一个独特之处,带有一个捐赠桶,是专门为没钱买冰激凌的孩子设置的。“如果有三个孩子,而其中只有两个孩子身上有钱,那么我总是会确保另外一个孩子也能得到些吃的,因为我不能就这么把冰激凌车开走了,而让第三个孩子一无所获。”她说道。
整体预测
快速浏览本部分各题的所有选项,根据选项中的family ice-cream business、ice-cream truck、daughter、kids等可大致推断本文是关于冰激凌生意或冰激凌车的,且与孩子有关。听音时应结合选项注意听取相关信息。
16. A) She inherited her family ice-cream business in Billings.
B) She loved the ice-cream business more than teaching primary school.
C) She started an ice-cream business to finance her daughter's education.
D) She wanted to have an ice-cream truck when she was a little girl.
Q:What does the speaker say about Maria McCartney?
A)她继承了比林斯的家族冰激凌生意。
B)相比于在小学任教,她更热爱冰激凌生意。
C)她创办了冰激凌生意供女儿上学。
D)她在小的时候就想拥有一辆冰激凌车。
问:关于玛丽亚·麦卡特尼,讲话者说了什么?
▶解题思路:
①四项均以she开头,都描述了“她”过去的情况。
②三项提及ice-cream business, 一项提及ice-cream truck。
结论:该题与she有关,并且涉及冰激凌生意或冰激凌车,听音时应首先确定she的指代对象,再重点听与冰激凌生意或冰激凌车相关的信息。
▶解析:原文开头部分提到,自从2005年以来,玛丽亚·麦卡特尼就在流动贩卖冰激凌了,接着引述了她的话:“在我还是个小女孩的时候,我看到了一辆冰激凌车,然后我就知道将来某一天我要拥有一辆。”由此可知,玛丽亚·麦卡特尼小时候就想拥有一辆冰激凌车,故本题应选D。
17. A) To preserve a tradition.
B) To amuse her daughter.
C) To help local education.
D) To make some extra money.
Q: Why does Maria go into the mobile ice-cream business?
A)为了保留传统。
B)为了逗女儿笑。
C)为了支持当地教育。
D)为了赚外快。
问:玛丽亚为什么要进入流动售卖冰激凌行业?
▶解题思路:四项均为不定式短语,且分别提到preserve a tradition、amuse her daughter、help local education、make some extra money。
结论:本题很可能考查某人做某事的原因或目的,听音时应结合选项重点听能够反映因果关系或目的与结果关系的内容。
▶解析:讲话者提到,对于这位曾经的小学教师来说,售卖冰激凌并非为了赚钱,相反,她想要保留开着冰激凌车走街串巷卖冰激凌的传统,由前文可知,此处的“她”就是指玛丽亚,故可知玛丽亚进入流动售卖冰激凌行业是为了保留传统,本题应选A。
18. A) To raise money for business expansion.
B) To make her truck attractive to children.
C) To allow poor kids to have ice-cream too.
D) To teach kids the value of mutual support.
Q: Why does Maria put a donation bucket in her truck?
A)为生意扩张筹资。
B)为了使冰激凌车对孩子有吸引力。
C)为了让贫穷的孩子也能吃到冰激凌。
D)为了教孩子相互支持的价值。
问:玛丽亚为什么在她的冰激凌车上放一个捐赠桶?
▶解题思路:四项均为不定式短语,且分别提到了raise money、make her truck attractive、allow poor kids to have ice-cream和teach kids the value。
结论:本题仍可能考查某人做某事的原因或目的,应结合选项听与此相关的信息。
▶解析:原文最后部分提到,她的车有一个独特之处,带有一个捐赠桶,是专门为没钱买冰激凌的孩子设置的,下文引述了“她”的言论,即:“如果有三个孩子,而其中只有两个孩子身上有钱,那么我总是会确保另外一个孩子也能得到些吃的,因为我不能就这么把冰激凌车开走了,而让第三个孩子一无所获。”由此可知,玛丽亚在自己的冰激凌车上放捐赠桶的目的是为了让贫穷的孩子也能够吃到冰激凌,故本题选C。
Passage Two
听力原文&译文
We know we have to pay for what we get.If we buy food, we have to pay for it.If a doctor treats us, we know there will be a bill to pay.These are private bills.But there are also public bills to be paid.They are paid by the government.In turn we get the needed services.We pay for these services through taxes.[19]What would happen if everyone stopped paying taxes? The water supply would stop; the streets might not be cleaned; schools would be closed.We would not want to live in such a city.[20]The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and property.More than three fourths of government expenses are used for this purpose.The next largest amount of public money goes to teach and train our citizens.Billions of dollars each year are spent on schools and libraries.Also a large amount of public funds is spent on roads.
Most of the needed funds is raised by taxes.The law orders us to pay taxes.We have no choice in the matter.[21]Years ago, the government made money by selling public lands, but most of the best public lands have now been sold.There are still some public lands that contain oil, coal and other natural resources.They could be sold, but we want to save them for future years.So we all must pay our share for the services that make our lives comfortable.
我们知道,我们必须为自己所购买的物品付钱。如果要购买食品,我们必须花钱。如果医生为我们治病,我们知道要支付医疗账单。这些都是私人账单。但是还有些公共账单需要有人支付,是由政府来承担的。我们因此会得到所需要的各项服务。通过交税的形式,我们来为这些服务付费。[19]如果人人都不再交税,会发生什么状况?供水会停;街道可能会无人清扫;学校将被关闭。我们不会愿意居住在这样一座城市里。[20]每个政府的首要职责就是保护居民人身及财产安全。有超过四分之三的政府开支都用于这一目的。剩下的一笔最大额的公共开支用于教育和培训市民。每年,有数十亿美元的资金用在学校和图书馆方面。另外,有一大笔公共资金用于公路建设。
大部分所需资金是通过税收筹集的。法律规定我们交税。我们对此别无选择。[21]许多年以前,政府通过出售公共土地赚钱,但是目前大部分最好的公共土地都已经被卖掉了。仍然剩下一些公共土地,它们含有石油、煤炭及其他自然资源。这些土地本来可以被卖掉,但是我们想把它们留给未来岁月。因此,我们所有人都必须为各种服务买单,这些服务让我们的生活变得舒适。
整体预测
快速浏览本部分各题的所有选项,根据选项中的imposing taxes、services、citizens、public transportation、public libraries、public lands、government bonds、exploiting natural resources等可大致推断本文可能是关于政府税收及其用途的,听音时应注意相关内容。
19. A) The reasons for imposing taxes.
B) The various services money can buy.
C) The various burdens on ordinary citizens.
D) The function of money in the modern world.
Q: What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A)征税的原因。
B)金钱可以买到的各种服务。
C)普通公民的各种负担。
D)金钱在现代世界中的功能。
问:讲话者主要讲述了什么?
▶解题思路:四个选项均为名词短语,核心词汇分别是reasons、services、burdens、function, 信息比较分散。
结论:本题可能就全文的主旨或某个方面进行提问,需结合选项中的核心词汇一一判定。
▶解析:讲话者以设问的方式提到:如果人人都不再交税,会发生什么状况?随后讲话者做了自我回答:供水会停;街道可能会无人清扫;学校将被关闭。结合讲话者后面提到的美国政府最初靠卖地筹集资金而后几乎无地可卖,所以人人都应该做出自己的贡献,为所享受的服务买单(即交税)的内容可知,讲话者主要讲述的是交税的原因,故本题应选A。
20. A) Educating and training citizens.
B) Improving public transportation.
C) Protecting people's life and property.
D) Building hospitals and public libraries.
Q: What is most of the government money used for?
A)教育和培训公民。
B)改善公共交通。
C)保护人们的生命和财产。
D)修建医院和公共图书馆。
问:大部分政府资金用在了什么方面?
▶解题思路:四个选项均为动词-ing形式短语,涉及educating and training、improving、protecting和building, 这表明本题很可能询问目的、意图、措施等方面的内容,听音时多留意与选项关键词相关的信息。
▶解析:讲话者提到,每个政府的首要职责就是保护居民人身及财产安全,有超过四分之三的政府开支都用于这一目的,由此可知,大部分政府资金用在了保护人们的生命和财产方面,故本题应选C。
21. A) By asking for donations.
B) By selling public lands.
C) By selling government bonds.
D) By exploiting natural resources.
Q: How did the government raise money to pay public bills in the past?
A)通过募捐。
B)通过售卖公共土地。
C)通过售卖政府债券。
D)通过开发自然资源。
问:在过去,政府是如何筹资来支付公共开销的?
▶解题思路:四个选项皆为by+动词-ing的形式,分别提到asking for donations、selling public lands、selling government bonds、exploiting natural resources。
结论:本题可能询问做某事的途径,听音时应注意文中信息与选项信息的匹配,判断正确信息。
▶解析:讲话者提到,许多年以前,政府通过出售公共土地赚钱,但是目前大部分最好的公共土地都已经被卖掉了,结合前面提到的收税的内容可判断,过去政府通过售卖土地筹资来支付公共开销,故本题应选B。
Passage Three
听力原文&译文
[25]Did you know that, besides larger places like France and Germany, Europe is home to several extremely tiny countries? One of these countries contains less than a square mile of land.Another is surrounded on all sides by Italy.Yet each is an independent land, with its own government, trade and customs.[22]One of the best known of these small countries is Monaco.It is situated on the Mediterranean Sea and surrounded by France on three sides.[23]Monaco became familiar to Americans when its ruler, Prince Rainier, married the American actress Grace Kelly.Rainier's family has ruled Monaco almost continuously since 1297.The land has been independent for over three hundred years.Andorra, with an area of some 200 square miles, is considerably larger than Monaco.This country is located in the Pyrenees Mountains, with France on one side and Spain on the other.Potatoes and tobacco are grown in Andorra's steep mountain valleys.[24]One of the products it exports is clothing.Andorra is also known for its excellent skiing locations.Within the Alps in Central Europe is Liechtenstein, a tiny country of about 30,000 people who speak mostly German.Liechtenstein uses the same money as its neighbor Switzerland, but it has been an independent country since the 1860s.Taxes are low, so many businesses have their headquarters here.The country makes and exports a lot of machinery.Other small independent states in Europe are San Marino and Luxembourg.Each of these has unique qualities as well.
[25]你知道吗?除了诸如法国和德国等较大的领地之外,欧洲也有一些极其袖珍的国家。在这些国家当中,有一个的领土面积不足一平方英里。还有一个则被意大利四面包围着。即便如此,它们也都是独立国家,拥有自己的政府、贸易以及海关。[22]在这些袖珍国家中,有几个最负盛名,摩纳哥是其中一个。它坐落于地中海,被法国三面包围。[23]美国人熟知摩纳哥是从它的统治者雷尼尔王子与美国女演员格瑞斯·凯莉结婚开始的。从1297年开始,雷尼尔家族就几乎一直统治着摩纳哥。这片国土赢得独立已有300余年。安道尔的国土面积大约200平方英里,要比摩纳哥大得多。这个国家位于比利牛斯山,一面与法国接壤,另一面毗邻西班牙。安道尔境内陡峭的高山谷地中种植着马铃薯和烟草。[24]服装属于该国出口的物品之一。它也以极好的滑雪场所而声名远扬。列支敦士登位于欧洲中部的阿尔卑斯山脉,是一个大概有3万人口并且大部分人都讲德语的袖珍国家。其境内流通的货币与邻国瑞士相同,但是自从19世纪60年代开始,它就成为了一个独立的国家。由于征税比例很低,所以许多公司都将总部设在此国。这个国家制造并出口许多机器设备。欧洲境内其他两个独立的袖珍国家是圣马力诺和卢森堡。它们也都有自己的独特之处。
整体预测
快速浏览本部分各题的所有选项,根据located、continent、surrounded by、ruler、history、geography等可大致推断本文主要讲国家的地理位置、统治者、历史等相关信息。此外,根据European、France、American等可推断本文很可能涉及欧洲和美洲的一些国家的具体信息和相互关系。听录音时需特别留意相关信息,把握重点细节。
22. A) It is located at the center of the European continent.
B) It relies on tourism as its chief source of revenues.
C) It contains less than a square mile of land.
D) It is surrounded by France on three sides.
Q: What does the speaker say about Monaco?
A)它位于欧洲大陆的中部。
B)它依赖旅游业作为主要的收入来源。
C)它只有不到一平方英里的国土。
D)它三面被法国包围。
Q:讲话者谈到了关于摩纳哥的什么信息?
▶解题思路:四个选项均以it开头,并且都描述it某方面的细节特点(located、relies on tourism、contains…land、surrounded by FrancE)。
结论:本题很可能考查某事物的特点或细节,听音时应重点关注与选项关键词相关的信息,明确it的指代对象。
▶解析:讲话者阐述摩纳哥的地理位置时说,它三面被法国包围,因此D项的描述与讲话的内容一致,为正确答案。A项描述的是列支敦士登的地理位置,不是摩纳哥,故可排除。B项在讲话中未提及,也可排除。C项表述的内容虽然在文中有提及,但说的是欧洲的袖珍国家中有一国具备这样的特征,并未说明是否是摩纳哥,所以C项也可排除。
23.A) Its beauty is frequently mentioned in American media.
B) Its ruler Prince Rainier married an American actress.
C) It is where many American movies are shot.
D) It is a favorite place Americans like to visit.
Q: Why did Monaco become familiar to Americans according to the speaker?
A)美国媒体经常报道它的美丽。
B)它的统治者雷尼尔王子娶了一名美国女演员为妻。
C)它是许多美国影片的拍摄地。
D)它是最受美国人喜爱的游览地。
Q:根据讲话者所说,为什么摩纳哥变得为美国人所熟知?
▶解题思路:前两项均以its开头,后两项均以it开头,四项都描述客观事实并且有两项含有褒义色彩(beauty、favoritE)。
结论:本题很可能考查某个具有正面色彩的客观事实。应首先明确it的指代对象,并将听音重点放在选项的关键词上。
▶解析:讲话者提到,美国人熟知摩纳哥是从它的统治者雷尼尔王子与美国女演员格瑞斯·凯莉结婚开始的,因此B项所描述的客观事实是美国人开始熟知摩纳哥的原因,故为答案。A、C和D三项在讲话中未提及,因此均可排除。
24. A) Tobacco.
B) Potatoes.
C) Machinery.
D) Clothing.
Q:What is one of the products Andorra exports?
A)烟草。
B)马铃薯。
C)机械设备。
D)服装。
Q:安道尔出口的物品之一是什么?
▶解题思路:四个选项均为名词,其中两项为种植作物(tobacco、potatoes)。
结论:本题很可能考查某地的特产或者代表作物。听音时应重点关注选项中名词的相关信息,听到问题后,再来确定最终的答案。
▶解析:讲话中明确提到服装是安道尔的出口物品之一,所以D选项为正确答案。A项和B项提到的两种作物确实是安道尔境内种植的,但是并没有提到这两种作物是出口物品,因此,这两项是干扰选项,应排除。此处应强调的是,如果听音的时候听到两种物品有共同的特点,且不具备自身的独特之处时,这两者如果作为选项,基本可以排除,因为听力考试不设多选,这也可以作为一种解题技巧,但是还是需要联系全文,做整体判断。C项是列支敦士登的出口物品,并非安道尔的,故也可排除。
25. A) European history.
B) European geography.
C) Small countries in Europe.
D) Tourist attractions in Europe.
Q: What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A)欧洲的历史。
B)欧洲的地理。
C)欧洲的小国家。
D)欧洲的观光胜地。
Q:讲话者谈论的主题是什么?
▶解题思路:前两个选项中含有European一词,后两个选项含有Europe一词,都与“欧洲”相关,且四个选项均具有概括性。
结论:本题很可能考查讲话的主题,并且从此题可以反推出,本篇讲话极可能与欧洲大陆相关。听音时应注意把握整体思路,概括全文中心。
▶解析:讲话者一开始就讲到了欧洲有几个极其袖珍的国家,接下来围绕这个主题从历史、地理位置以及物产等几个方面描述了摩纳哥、安道尔和列支敦士登三个袖珍国,讲话结束之前还提及了另外两个欧洲袖珍国家圣马力诺和卢森堡,因此选项C作为本篇讲话的主题最贴切。其余三项只是描述这些袖珍国家的时候涉及的一些具体因素,并不是全篇的主题,因此可以排除。