Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The secret to happiness is keeping busy, research has found. Keeping the mind 26 with tasks—no matter how meaningless—staves off (赶走)negative emotions, the study found.

However, the bad news is that humans seem hard-wired (天生的)to be lazy in order to save energy, according to Professor Christopher Hsee, a behavioral scientist at Chicago University.

In a study 98 students were asked to complete two surveys. After they had completed the first they were made to wait 15 minutes to receive the next one. They were given a choice of either handing in the first 27 nearby or at a more distant location they had to walk to. Whichever option they chose, they received a chocolate bar. Two-thirds (68 per cent)chose the lazy 28 . Those who had taken the walk reported feeling happier than those who had stayed 29 .

Prof Hsee 30 keeping busy helped keep people happy. He said the findings, reported in the journal Psychological Science, had policy 31 . “Governments may increase the happiness of idle citizens by having them build bridges that are 32 useless,”he proposed. At the individual level, he advised, “Get up and do something. Anything. Even if there really is no point to what you are doing, you will feel better for it. ”He 33 , “Incidentally, thinking deeply or engaging in self-reflection 34 as keeping busy, too. You do not need to be running around—you just need to be 35 , either physically or mentally.”

A) study

B) added

C) thought

D) option

E) engaged

F) especially

G) increased

H) implications

I) survey

J) solutions

K) occupied

L) concluded

M) counts

N) put

O) actually

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

The Recorded World

As cameras become ubiquitous (普遍存在的)and able to identify people, more safeguards on privacy will be needed.

A) “This season there is something at the seaside worse than sharks,”declared a newspaper in 1890. “It is the amateur photographer.”The invention of the handheld camera shocked the 19th-century society, as did the “Kodak fiends”(柯达狂人)who patrolled beaches snapping sunbathers.

B) More than a century later, amateur photography is once more a troubling issue. Citizens of rich countries have got used to being watched by closed-circuit cameras that guard roads and cities. But as cameras shrink and the cost of storing data falls sharply, it is individuals who are taking the pictures.

C) Some 10,000 people are already testing a prototype of Google Glass, a miniature computer worn like eyeglasses. It aims to have all the functions of a smartphone in a device put on a person's nose. Its flexible frame holds both a camera and a tiny screen, and makes it easy for users to take photos, send messages and search for things online.

D) Glass may fail, but a wider revolution is under way. In Russia, where insurance fraud is commonly seen, at least 1 million cars already have cameras on their dashboards (仪表盘)that film the road ahead. Police forces in America are starting to issue officers with video cameras, pinned to their uniforms, which record their interactions with the public. Collar-cams help anxious cat-lovers watch their wandering pets carefully. Paparazzi(狗仔队)have started to use drones to photograph celebrities in their gardens or on yachts. Hobbyists are even devising clever ways to get cameras into space.

E) Ubiquitous recording can already do a lot of good. Some patients with brain injuries have been given cameras: looking back at images can help them recover their memories. Dash-cams can help resolve insurance claims and encourage people to drive better. Police-cams can discourage criminals from making groundless complaints against police officers and officers from abusing criminals. A British soldier has just been convicted of murdering a wounded Afghan because the act was captured by a colleague's helmet-camera. Videos showing the line of sight of experienced surgeons and engineers can help train their successors and be used in liability disputes. Lenses linked to computers are reading street-signs and product labels to partially sighted people.

F) Optimists see broader benefits ahead. Plenty of people carry activity trackers, worn on the wrist or placed in a pocket, to monitor their exercise or sleep patterns; cameras could do the job more effectively, perhaps also spying on their wearers' diets. “Personal black boxes”might be able to transmit pictures if their owner falls victim to an accident or crime. Tiny cameras trained to recognise faces could become personal digital assistants, making conversations as searchable as documents and e-mails. Already a small band of “life-loggers”(生活记录器)stored years of footage (镜头)into databases of “e-memories”.

G) Not everybody will be thrilled by these prospects. A perfect digital memory would probably be a pain, preserving unhappy events as well as cherished ones. Suspicious spouses and employers might feel entitled to review it.

H) The bigger worry is for those in front of the cameras, not behind them. School bullies already use illegal snaps from mobile phones to embarrass their victims. The web is full of secret photos of women, snapped in public places. Wearable cameras will make such immoral photography easier. And the huge, looming issue is the growing sophistication of face-recognition technologies, which are starting to enable businesses and governments to get information about individuals by searching the billions of images online. The combination of cameras everywhere—in bars, on streets, in offices, on people's heads—with the algorithms(算法)run by social networks and other service providers that process stored and published images is a powerful and alarming one. We may not be far from a world in which your movements could be tracked all the time, where a stranger walking down the street can immediately identify exactly who you are.

I) Well, we still strongly held beliefs that technological progress should generally be welcomed, not feared—runs up against an even deeper impulse, in favour of liberty. Freedom has to include some right to privacy: if every move you make is being recorded, liberty is limited.

J) One option is to ban devices that seem annoying. The use of dashboard cameras is forbidden in Austria. Drivers who film the road can face a€10,000 ($13,400)fine. But banning devices deprives people of their benefits. Society would do better to develop rules about where and how these technologies can be used, just as it learned to cope with the Kodak fiends.

K) For the moment, companies are behaving in a cautious way. Google has banned the use of face-recognition in apps on Glass and its camera is designed to film only in short bursts. Japanese digital camera-makers ensure their products emit a shutter sound every time a picture is taken. Existing laws to control stalking or harassment can be extended to deal with peeping drones.

L) Still, as cameras become smaller, more powerful and ubiquitous, new laws may be needed to preserve liberty. Governments should be granted the right to use face-recognition technology only where there is a clear public good (identifying a bank robber for instance). When the would-be identifiers are companies or strangers in the street, the starting-point should be that you have the right not to have your identity automatically revealed. The principle is the same as for personal data. Just as Facebook and Google should be forced to establish high default settings(默认系统设置)for privacy (which can be reduced at the user's request), the new cameras and recognition technologies should be regulated so as to let you decide whether you remain anonymous(匿名的)or not.

M) Silicon Valley emphasises the liberating power of technology—and it is often right. But the freedom that a small device gives one person can sometimes take away liberty from another. Liberal politicians have been lazy about defending the idea of personal space, especially online. The fight should start now. Otherwise, in the blink of an eye, privacy could be gone.

36．Google Glass has a flexible frame which carries both a camera and a tiny screen.

37．A British soldier's act of killing a wounded Afghan was recorded by his coworker's helmet-camera.

38．Optimists predict that cameras will have more benefits in the future.

39．The amateur photographer was once claimed worse than sharks at the seaside.

40．The bigger worry comes from those being recorded, not from the ones who hold the cameras.

41．Individuals began to use cameras to take photos with their size becoming smaller and the cost of storing data declining.

42．We believe that technological progress should not run up against liberty.

43．Liberal politicians should waste no time defending privacy, or it could be gone quickly.

44．Society should do it in a better way to regulate technologies about where and how they can be used.

45．Face-recognition technology mustn't be used by governments unless it will do good to the public.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

People's tastes in recreation differ widely. At a recent festival of pop-music in the Isle of Wight, crowds of teenagers flocked to listen to their favorite singers and musicians. They went with single railway tickets and slept in the open, a very risky thing to do in the climate of Britain, even in August. They were packed together like sardines for four days. There were innumerable thieves, a gang of roughs tried several times to break things up, and police were everywhere. At the end of the festival many young fans found themselves broke, with no money left, and they had difficulty in getting back home. Most people would consider these conditions a nightmare of discomfort; the fans appeared to enjoy it all enormously.

Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large tracts of open un-spoilt country, where people with more traditional tastes can go for quiet, and for the sense of freedom they derive from contact with nature. In the national parks especially, modern development of housing and industry is strictly controlled. Visitors may walk for miles through landscape of the greatest beauty and wildness, and often of considerable historic or scientific interest. Along the coasts of some of the maritime counties, public pathways have been created; these paths stretch for many miles along cliffs that look out on the Atlantic Ocean or the English Channel. Another path, lying inland, goes along the range of mountains in the north of England. It is called the Pennine Way. Here, the long-distance walker and the nature-lover can find much to enjoy, without feeling disturbed by large numbers of their fellows.

Yet few people make full use of the national parks established for everyone's benefit. The commonest thing nowadays is for family groups to motor out to a beautiful spot and park their cars in a lay-by (英国的路旁停车带). A picnic basket is produced, along with a folding table and chairs, a kettle and a portable stove. They then settle down to a picnic in the lay-by beside the car. Apparently their idea of enjoyment is to get into the fresh air and amongst the country sights and sounds without having to walk a yard. They seem almost to like to hear and to smell the traffic.

46．In Britain it is very risky to ______.

A) go with a single railway ticket

B) listen to pop-music at the festival

C) sleep in the open

D) pack together in crowds

47．At the end of the festival, many young fans ______.

A) were arrested by the police

B) had spent most of their money

C) were sleeping out

D) became quite penniless

48．Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large ______.

A) tracks through the open country

B) areas of country without soil

C) areas of countryside not developed

D) expanses of land where nobody works

49．Public pathways are created for people to ______.

A) commute to work

B) enjoy long-distance walking

C) walk to maritime counties

D) visit the historic or scenic sites

50．Family groups nowadays like to ______.

A) have meals out of doors by the road-side

B) go for a walk away from home

C) drive out past the beautiful places

D) hear and smell the animals

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction.

For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else—he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly; he does so with skill and polish. “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned. ”Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: “This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on. ”

Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look around”. She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the look-out for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. So most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.

51．When a man is buying clothes, ______.

A) he chooses things that others recommend

B) he buys cheap things, regardless of quality

C) he buys good things, so long as they are not too expensive

D) he does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things

52．In commerce a good salesman is one who ______.

A) sells something a customer does not particularly want

B) always has in stock the thing the customer wants

C) can find out quickly the goods required

D) does not waste his time on difficult customers

53．What does a man do when he cannot get exactly what he wants?

A) He buys something that is similar enough to the ideal one.

B) He usually does not buy anything.

C) At least two of his requirements must be met before he buys.

D) So long as the style is right, he buys the thing.

54．According to this passage, when shopping for clothes, women ______.

A) often buy things without thinking

B) seldom buy cheap clothes

C) welcome suggestions from anyone

D) never take any advice

55．What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers?

A) The fact that men do not try clothes on in a shop.

B) Women bargain for their clothes, but men do not.

C) Women stand up while shopping, but men sit down.

D) The time they take over buying clothes.