Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks with the legal terms given below and change the form if necessary.

exclusionary rule right to counsel privilege against self-incrimination double jeopardy right to a public trial beyond a reasonable doubt excessive bail compulsory process death penalty indictment

1. ________Clause has two principal, and apparently simple, aims:protect the individual from being susceptible to multiple trials/or convictions for the same offense; and avoid multiple punishments for the one crime.

2.________ was designed to prohibit the government from using force or the threat of force to compel individual citizens to admit guilt in criminal proceedings, and is viewed as“one of the great landmarks in man's struggle to make himself civilized”.

3. The________ is intended to protect the accused against arbitrary conviction. The assumption is that if justice must be done in the open, judges and juries will act in accordance with the law.

4. Since 1914, the U. S. Supreme Court has held to the ________:illegally seized evidence must be excluded from trials in federal courts.

5. Beginning in 1963, the U. S. Supreme Court extended the________ to preliminary hearings, to appeals, to a defendant out on bail after an indictment, to identification lineups, and to children in juvenile court proceedings.

6. The________ has been widely available as a punishment for certain serious crimes in the U. S. since colonial times. The Supreme Court's view since 1976 has been that it is not unconstitutional per se when applied to defendants convicted of first-degree murder.

7. ________is usually per se unreasonably great and clearly disproportionate to the offense involved, or shown to be so by the special circumstances of the particular case.

8. The prosecutor must convince the judge or jury hearing the case that the defendant is guilty“________ ”, which means that judges and jurors are supposed to resolve all doubts about the meaning of the evidence in favor of the defendant.

9. ________is one which will compel the attendance in court of a person wanted there as a witness; including not only the ordinary subpoena, but also a warrant of arrest or attachment if needed.

10. In most states, the information may be used in place of a grand jury ________to bring a person to trial.