- 完型填空、语法与词汇(英语专业四级考试培训教程)
- 宫玉波
- 2138字
- 2020-08-30 03:32:35
第三节 真题操练
一、2013年专四完形填空真题与解析
【真题操练】
PART III CLOZE [15 MIN]
Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: without it, it (31) ______notbe possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; (32) ______the workersin government offices who (33)______ our health, our food, our water, and all the otherthings that we cannot do for ourselves. (34)______taxation, we pay for things that weneed just (35)______ we need somewhere to live and something to eat.
But (36)______ everyone knows that taxation is necessary, different people havedifferent ideas about (37) ______ taxation should be arranged.
In most countries, a direct tax on (38) ______ , which is called income tax, (39)______.It is arranged in such (40)______that the poorest people pay nothing, and the percentageof tax grows (41)______ as the taxpayer’s income grows. In some countries, forexample, the tax on the richest people (42)______ as high as ninety-five per cent!
(43)______ countries with taxation nearly (44)______have indirect taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or“duties.” Of course, it is the men and women who buy these imported things in the shops (45)______ really have to pay the duties, in the (46)______ of higher prices. In some countries, (47)______ , there is a tax on things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is (48)______ but the poor people suffer most. If unnecessary things (49)______ jewels andfur coats are taxed, less money is obtained but the tax is (50) ______ , as the rich pay it.
31. A. can B. may C. could D. would
32. A. nor B. neither C. never D. not
33. A. look into B. look over C. look after D. look through
34. A. In accordance with B. By means ofC. With reference to D. On account of
35. A. as well as B. as good as C. as such as D. as much as
36. A. if B. when C. though D. as
37. A. when B. how C. why D. which
38. A. persons B. sectors C. communities D. classes
39. A. remains B. stays C. exists D. happens
40. A. form B. way C. measure D. method
41. A. quicker B. speedier C. more D. larger
42. A. grows up B. increases up C. goes up D. lifts up
43. A. But B. Consequently C. Similarly D. And
44. A. periodically B. almost C. often D. always
45. A. which B. who C. what D. whom
46. A. manner B. form C. means D. way
47. A. either B. also C. too D. often
48. A. lent B. saved C. borrowed D. collected
49. A. alike B. like C. as D. for
50. A. heavier B. fairer C. finer D. better
【文章大意】
本篇为说明文,关于税收。
第一部分(1):税收的作用。
第二部分(2):人们对于税收的看法不一。
第三部分(3~4):介绍不同种类的税收。
【答案详解】
31. D 情态动词与虚拟语气。【解析】 “can”表客观可能性,允许; “may”表可能性,某事可能发生; “could”作为“ can”的过去时,表过去存在的可能性,在表虚拟时,译为“可能会”、“也许会”;“would”作为“ will”的过去时,表过去的习惯动作或状态,或者表过去时间的意志、意愿、决心、允诺,在表虚拟时,译为“就会”。此处的“ without it”提示了后文应使用虚拟语气,意为没有了税收,就不会有钱支付给那些保护我们的士兵和警察,故选 D。
32. A 副词用法辨析。【解析】 “nor”常用于“ neither...nor...”或“ not...nor...”的结构中,表“也不”;“neither”:表两者或两类之一的否定。故选 A。
33. C 动词词组辨析。【解析】 “look into”:窥视;调查;研究;查阅; “look over”:检查;巡视;忽略; “look after”:照顾;照料;关心;寻找; “look through”:浏览;温习;看穿。故选 C。
34. B 固定搭配辨析。【解析】 “in accordance with”:依照;与……一致; “by means of”:用;依靠;凭借; “with reference to”:关于;根据; “on account of”:由于;因为;为了……的缘故。故选 B。
35. D 固定搭配辨析。【解析】 “as well as”:也;和……一样好; “as good as”:和……几乎一样;几乎等同于……; “as such as”:没有这样的结构;“as much as”:几乎,差不多,和……一样多。此处比较我们需要某些事物的程度和我们需要居住之地和需要食物的程度是一样的,故选 D。
36. C 逻辑关系判断。【解析】上半句意为每个人都知道税收很有必要,下半句意为不同的人对于税收应被如何安排,持有不同的看法。显然上下句为转折关系,故选 C。
37. B 上下文判断。【解析】第二段在文中起承上启下的作用。由后文可知,人们是对如何征税,税收应被如何安排,有不同的看法,故选 B。
38. A 上下文判断。【解析】根据下文的“ income tax”可知,这里是说对个人直接进行征税,故选 A。
39. C 上下文判断。【解析】根据上下文可知,本句意为大多数国家存在着对个人直接征税的情况,也就是个人所得税。故选 C。
40. B 名词词义辨析。【解析】 “form”:形式;形状;样式; “way”:方式;方法;“measure”:手段;措施; “method”:方法;办法。文中表示税收征收的方式,故选 B。
41. D 形容词词义辨析。【解析】本处句意为随着纳税人收入的增加,税收比例也有所加大,故选 D。
42. C 动词用法辨析。【解析】 “grow up”:成长;长大; “increase (up) to”:增加到;“go up”:增长;上升;“lift up”:举起;升起;抬起来。故选 C。
43. A 逻辑关系判断。【解析】根据上下文,前后两段分别在说直接征税和间接征税,构成转折对比关系。故选 A。
44. D 副词词义辨析。【解析】 “periodically”:定期地;周期性地;偶尔;间歇。本句意为:会直接征税的国家几乎也总会有间接征税。故选 D。
45. B 定语从句。【解析】此空考查定语从句关系代词的用法。先行词为“ the men and women”,且在从句中充当主语,故选 B。
46. B 名词词义辨析。【解析】此空白处句意为:以支付更高价的形式。故选 B。
47. C 上下文判断。【解析】此处在讲某些国家征税的其他方式,与上文是并列关系,且空前后都有逗号,可直接排除选项 B、D;选项 A“either”作副词时,用于否定句中;选项 C“too”作副词,前后可用逗号隔开,表示“也”。故选 C。
48. D 上下文判断。【解析】此处意思是:如果绝大多数必需品都被征税了,那会收集到很大一笔钱,故选 D。
49. B 介词词义辨析。【解析】 “alike”:adj.相似的;相同的; adv.以同样的方式;类似于; “like”:adj.同样的;相似的; prep.像;如同; “as”:prep.如同;当作;以……的身份; adv.同样地;和……一样的; “for”:prep.为了;因为;给。此处属于举例子,表“像,比如”,故选 B。
50. B 上下文判断。【解析】此处意思是:如果只有像珠宝和皮草大衣这样的非必需品被征税,那么征收到的钱更少,但这样的税收更公平,因为富人在为此买单。故选 B。