Day21 Studies have found that employees of notfor-profit organizations and charities are often more highly motivated

The following appeared in a memorandum from the head of a human resources department at a major automobile manufacturing company to the company’s managers：

“Studies have found that employees of not-for-profit organizations and charities are often more highly motivated than employees of for-profit corporations to perform well at work when their performance is not being monitored or evaluated.Interviews with employees of not-forprofit organizations suggest that the reason for their greater motivation is the belief that their work helps to improve society.Because they believe in the importance of their work，they have personal reasons to perform well，even when no？nancial reward is present.Thus，if our corporation began donating a signi？cant portion of its profits to humanitarian causes，our employees’motivation and productivity would increase substantially and our overall profits would increase as well.”

Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument.For example，you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion.You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument，what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound，and what，if anything，would help you better evaluate its conclusion.

文勇五问：

（1）本题中，事实是什么？结论是什么？“Studies have found that employees of notfor-profit organizations and charities are often more highly motivated than employees of forprofit corporations to perform well at work when their performance is not being monitored or evaluated.”是事实，“Thus，if our corporation began donating a signi？cant portion of its profits to humanitarian causes，our employees’motivation and productivity would increase substantially and our overall profits would increase as well.”是结论，值得反驳吗？

（2）调查结论是由访谈得出，访谈这个方法是否可能存在漏洞？你能说说可能的原因吗？访谈的对象不具有代表性，或者访谈对象在访谈时没有给出客观信息，或者由访谈得出的结论主观性太高，以上种种情况导致访谈不能反映真实情况。即使访谈有效，访谈得出的原因一定是唯一的原因吗？一定是最主要的原因吗？你能罗列出一两个可以激励员工的方法吗？例如，使员工实现个人价值。

（3）文章的出发点是，在不受监督和评估的情况下，非营利组织和慈善组织的员工工作热情更高。那在有监督和评估的情况下呢？该企业的实际工作环境适合在缺乏监督和评估的前提条件下得出的研究结论吗？

（4）本公司的员工与非营利组织的员工之间的类比是有效的吗？两方员工的思维模式是一模一样的吗？即使是，将公司利润的一部分用于人道捐款，就一定会让公司的员工借此感到自己的工作起到了贡献社会的作用吗？

（5）可以提高员工生产效率，就一定可以保证显著提高吗？随之增加的利润就一定显著高于捐款数额吗？有没有可能出现得不偿失的情况？

写一写，练一练