- 穆雷《英汉翻译基础教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解
- 圣才电子书
- 3708字
- 2021-06-04 18:05:35
4.3 翻译示例汇总
一、长句处理
1. Sometimes an innocent person who is involved in an accident is crippled for life and the person who caused the accident might not have the money to pay him for years—but the insurance company does.
【译文】有时事故中的无辜受害者终身残废,而肇事者就是拖上几年也拿不出钱来赔偿,可是保险公司却赔得起。
【解析】这个句子含有两个并列的定语从句。句子共有三层意思:(一)事故中的无辜受害者终身残废,(二)肇事者就是拖上几年也拿不出钱来赔偿,(三)可是保险公司赔得起。这三层的内容逻辑和汉语表达是一致的,因此我们可以把它顺译出来。一般来说,当句子按时间来描述动作发生的先后顺序,或者每个分句之间是并列关系时,多采用顺译法。
2. And I will lay you ten to one that after you have answered the questions, and explained how to find the information, and why you want it, the clerk will go off and get one of the other clerks to help him try to find Garcia—and then come back and tell you there is no such man.(选自A Message to Garcia(《给加西亚的信》))
【译文】我敢跟你打个十赔一的赌,当你回答完这些问题,当你说明了怎样查以及你为什么要查之后,这个职员会离去并找其他职员协助他找加西亚—然后回来时他会说,你要了解的这个人根本不存在。
【解析】原文顺序符合汉语表达逻辑,最好的方法还是顺译,否则很容易割裂原文内容的逻辑关系,造成误译。
3. Yet as Indian IT companies are discovering as they develop local centers to service global customers, market access in China may add up to nothing if the country’s graduate and post-graduate community of software professionals lacks proficiency in English.
【译文】然而,印度信息技术企业在中国设立地区中心以期为全球客户提供服务时却发现,如果中国软件专业的应届本科毕业生和研究生英语水平不高的话,这些企业进军中国市场的举动可能会毫无意义。
【解析】这句话是一个嵌套的状语从句。分析后,按照汉语表达逻辑,这句话有这么几层意思:(1) Yet as Indian IT companies are discovering, (2) as they develop local centers to service global customers, (3) if the country’s graduate and post-graduate community of software professionals lacks proficiency in English, (4) market access in China may add up to nothing.译文调整了译文语序,汉译语气自然,更符合汉语的逻辑,读者容易理解。
4. Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
【译文】许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位,这在西方倒是人之常情。
【解析】这是一个比较长的同位语从句。按照汉语的习惯,通常原因在前,结果在后;条件在前,事实在后。我们按照汉语习惯把这句话的主句Such is human nature in the West倒置到句末,不仅更符合汉语习惯,而且语言也更流畅。
5. (Have I put the matter too strongly?) Possibly I have; but when all the world has gone a-slumming I wish to speak a word of sympathy for the man who succeeds, the man who, against great odds, has directed the efforts of others, and having succeeded, finds there’s nothing in it: nothing but bare board and clothes.(选自A Message to Garcia(《给加西亚的信》))
【译文】(我是不是有点言过其实?)或许吧。然而在整个世界走下坡路的时候,有些人顶住了指挥下属的种种麻烦和压力,结果他成功了,成功后却发现:不过是一场虚无,下属们为公司干活不过只为衣食住行而已。让我们为这样的人士说句公道话吧!
【解析】长句翻译需要搞清楚短句与短句之间的逻辑结构,依照短句之间的逻辑关系进行语序的调整。这句话中的“I wish to speak a word of sympathy for the man”后面跟有定语从句,需将定语从句的内容提前,进行整合,最后再总结“让我们为这样的人士说句公道话吧!”
6. Malaysia’s Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities wants to include the mandatory sale of biodiesel in a proposed biofuel bill expected to be submitted for cabinet approval this month, a ministry official told the Financial Times.
【译文】马来西亚种植与原产业部(Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities)的一名官员告诉《金融时报》,该部希望将生物柴油的强制销售纳入拟议的生物燃料法案,预计该法案将在本月提交内阁审批。
【解析】在这句话中,句子的前半部分冗长复杂。但仔细分析它的结构后,可以把它分拆成两个简单句:Malaysia’s Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities wants to include the mandatory sale of biodiesel in a proposed biofuel bill和 The bill is expected to be submitted for cabinet approval this month.这样一来,句子的层次就明显了。如果强行按照一句话来翻译,不仅译文曲折,而且还容易产生疏漏。
7. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
【译文】行为主义者的看法是,如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里成长,而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应的能力,这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。
【解析】这是一个由多层从句嵌套而成的长句,看起来有些混乱,但是如果一层层把它们剥离开来,就会发现它其实是个很简单的句子。主句为Behaviorists suggest that…,that引导一个宾语从句,the child是从句的主语,谓语是will experience;who定语从句修饰the child,where状语从句修饰an environment,which定语从句修饰many stimuli。这样分析以后,句子的层次以及各从句之间的相互关系便一目了然了。
8. Of course I know that one so morally deformed is no less to be pitied than a physical cripple: but in our pitying let us drop a tear, too, for the men who are striving to carry on a great enterprise, whose working hours are not limited by the whistle, and whose hair is fast turning white through the struggle to hold in line dowdy indifference, slipshod imbecility, and the heartless ingratitude which but for their enterprise, would be both hungry and homeless.(选自A Message to Garcia(《给加西亚的信》))
【译文】当然,我知道像他这样心理上不正常的人同身体上有残障的人一样值得我们同情。不过在我们同情他们时,别忘了还有另外一些,他们苦心经营着大企业,别人下班了,他们仍在工作。心不在焉的、懒散的、愚蠢的、忘恩负义的员工让他们伤透脑筋,他们的头发在日复一日的操劳中逐渐变灰、变白。若是没有他的企业,那些员工就要饿肚子并且无家可归。
【解析】在翻译实践中,特别是在遇到一些特别长,特别复杂的句子的时候,各种翻译手段是要加以综合运用的。“whose working hours are not limited by the whistle”字面意思是指“这些人的工作时间不受口哨的限制”,换句话说就是不会因为到下班时间就停止工作,可转化为“别人下班了,他们仍在工作”。最后一部分定语从句过长,需要进行拆分,将主要部分“他们的头发在日复一日的操劳中逐渐变灰、变白”后置,而将其原因进行整合前置,使译文符合中文的表达习惯。
二、定语从句
1. Mr. Murdoch who owns the New York Post indicated that U.S. newspaper’s editorial strategies were to blame for their financial problems.
【译文】拥有《纽约邮报》的默多克先生指出,美国报纸的编辑战略应承担报纸财务问题的责任。
【解析】这里的定语从句的翻译是典型的前置法。翻译时按照汉语的习惯加个“的”字。
2. After spending $1.5 bn so far this year on acquisitions such as MySpace.com, a fast-growing online community, and IGN Entertainment, a games and content site, Mr. Murdoch disputed the recent claim by Sir Martin Sorrell, chief executive of WPP, that some traditional media owners were panic buying new media assets.
【译文】迄今为止,默多克先生已花费15亿美元进行收购,如收购快速成长的网络社区MySpace.com,以及游戏和内容网站IGN Entertainment。默多克先生反驳了WPP首席执行官马丁索雷尔爵士最近的说法:一些传统媒体的所有者在恐慌性收购新媒体资产。
【解析】这个句子的主干是“Mr. Murdoch disputed the recent claim…”,前半句用after连接表示事情发生的先后顺序,翻译时可以将前后分开,先说收购的情况,再说反驳的事件。
3. Mr. Murdoch, who once described classified revenues as “rivers of gold”, said: “Sometimes rivers dry up.”
【译文】默多克先生一度把报纸分类广告形容为“黄金之河”,但他说:“有时河流也会干涸。”
【解析】这个句子的主干是Mr. Murdoch said: “Sometimes rivers dry up.”。中间的定语从句起到一个补充说明的作用,将其译为一个并列的分句,不仅意思表达逻辑更清楚,行文也更流畅。
4. Copper prices, which reached record highs last week, fell back yesterday after China’s State Reserve Bureau failed to sell all of the metal it put up for auction this week.
【译文】铜价在上周创下历史新高,但中国国家物资储备局本周拿出拍卖的铜未能全部售出导致铜价昨天回挫。
【解析】如果强行把定语前置,译为:“上周创下历史新高的铜价昨天回挫,昨天中国国家物资储备局本周拿出拍卖的铜未能全部售出。”这个翻译难免让人觉得句子不通顺,逻辑关系也不清晰。
5. He wants to write an article, which will attract public attention to the air pollution in this city.
【译文】他想写一篇文章,用来引起公众对该城市空气污染的关注。
【解析】这里的定语从句是用来表示主句中某一动作或状态发生的目的和动机,其含义相当于由in order that引导的目的状语从句,修饰主句中的谓语动词,这类定语从句可以转换为目的状语从句。
6. The thief, who was about to escape, was caught by the policemen.
【译文】小偷正要逃跑时,被警察抓住了。
【解析】这个简短的例子中,从句的动作与主句的动作几乎同时发生,其含义相当于连词when,while或as等引导的时间状语从句,在翻译时往往加上相应的连词“当……的时候”。
7. How can anyone hope to be a qualified teacher, who doesn’t know what the students are thinking and demanding?
【译文】一个人如果不知道他的学生在想什么,需要什么,怎么能指望自己成为一个合格的教师呢?
【解析】这里从句所表示的是主句中某一动作或状态是在某一条件下产生时,其作用相当于连词if引导的条件状语从句,修饰主句中的谓语动词。在翻译时往往要加上“如果”等词。
三、状语从句
Even if the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately。
【译文】即便计算是正确的,科学家们也无法肯定他们已经把所有的变量都包括进去并精确地模拟了它们。
【解析】even though引导的表示让步关系的从句,可依据句意翻译为“即便……”。
四、主从关系
1. Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brain of a biologist.
【译文】一种生物究竟是植物还是动物,有时候会使生物学家颇伤脑筋。
【解析】tax在此句中作动词,表示“消耗……的精力,加重……的负担”,结合前后句意翻译为“使生物学家颇伤脑筋”。
2. It can be seen that precleaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to level anywhere near the standards.
【译文】可以看出,仅靠预洗是不能把这4种煤的总含硫量降低到接近标准规定的水平的。
【解析】上句中,通过一个小小的逗号将主句和分句隔开,直接体现主从关系。
五、并列关系
The end of the short-lived age of fossil fuels is already in sight; soon we will have consumed all the world’s resources of oil and coal.
【译文】短暂的矿物燃料时代结束的日子已经在望;不久,我们就会耗尽世界上所有的石油和煤炭资源。
【解析】并列关系在翻译时根据句意顺译即可,用分号连接表示并列关系。
六、倒装句
Proudly, the captain hoisted the flag. Softly, a bugle sounded.
【译文】船长升起了旗子,满心自豪;喇叭声响了起来,清脆悦耳。
【解析】原句为了突出船长升旗时的心情和喇叭鸣响时的状态而将两个副词前置,翻译时要根据意思进行调整。