第五节 干扰信息

一、考点介绍

干扰信息也是雅思听力中的一个重要考点，各种题型中都会出现。在选择题中，题目中每个选项中的信息在录音材料中往往都有提及，但只有其中的一个或若干个选项是答案，其他的则是干扰信息。在填空题中，录音材料中往往提及几个类似的信息，但只有其中的一个是答案，其他的也是干扰信息。

二、真题示例

Example 1（Cambridge IELTS 11 Test 1 Section 1 Questions 2 and 3）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

WOMAN: Well, we're organising a dinner to raise money for a charity, and we're hoping for at least 150 people, so I think we'll go for the Main Hall. How much would that cost?

OFFICIAL: Let's see. You wanted it for the evening of September 1st?

WOMAN: Yes, that's a Saturday.

OFFICIAL: So from six pm to midnight that'd be £115—that's the weekend price, it's £75 on weekdays.

WOMAN: That's all right.

OFFICIAL: And I have to tell you there's also a deposit of £250, which is returnable of course as long as there's no damage. But we do insist that this is paid in cash, we don't take cards for that. You can pay the actual rent of the room however you like though—cash, credit card, cheque…

【考点点拨】

HIRING A PUBLIC ROOM

Example

· the Main Hall—seats 200

Room and cost

· Cost of Main Hall for Saturday evening : 2 £ ……………………

答案：£115/a/one hundred (and) fifteen

预测：画出题目中的关键词Cost、Main Hall、Saturday、evening。根据题目中的￡………….，预知要填数字，表示钱数。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段对话：

OFFICIAL: Let's see. You wanted it for the evening of September 1st?

WOMAN: Yes, that's a Saturday.

OFFICIAL: So from six pm to midnight that'd be￡115—that's the weekend price, it's￡75 on weekdays.

考点：干扰信息。题目中的关键词Saturday、evening在定位句中重现，答案就是115，也可以写a hundred (and) fifteen或one hundred (and) fifteen。注意：定位句中还提到了75，是干扰信息。

+￡250 deposit（3……………………payment is required）

答案：cash

预测：画出题目中的关键词250、deposit、payment、required。根据题目中的…………payment is required，预知要填名词或形容词，修饰payment。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段话：And I have to tell you there's also a deposit of￡250, which is returnable of course as long as there's no damage. But we do insist that this is paid in cash, we don't take cards for that.

考点：干扰信息。题目中的关键词250、deposit在定位句中重现，定位句中的insist、paid和题目中的required、payment是同义替换，题目要求只填1个词和/或1个数字，答案就是cash。注意：定位句中还提到了cards，是干扰信息。

Example 2（Cambridge IELTS 11 Test 1 Section 3 Question 21）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

HLSA: Ok, Greg, so I finally managed to read the article you mentioned—the one about the study on gender in physics.

CREG: About the study of college students done by Arkra Miyake and his team? Yeah. I wass interested that the researchers were actually a mix of psychologists and physicists. That's an unusual combination.

LISA: Yeah. I got a little confused at first about which students the study was based on. They weren't actually majoring in physics—they were majoring in what's known as the STEM disciplines. That's science, technology, engineering and...

GREG: ...and math. Yes, but they were all doing physics courses as part of their studies.

LISA: That's correct.

【考点点拨】

Study on Gender in Physics

21 The students in Akira Miyake's study were all majoring in

A physics.

B psychology or physics.

C science, technology, engineering or mathematics.

答案：C

预读：画出题目中的关键词students、majoring in，题目问的是学生主修的课程。再画出选项中的关键词：A physics, B psychology、physics, C science、technology、engineering、 mathematics。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段对话：

LISA: Yeah. I got a little confused at first about which students the study was based on. They weren't actually majoring in physics—they were majoring in what's known as the STEM disciplines. That's science, technology, engineering and...

GREG: ...and math. Yes, but they were all doing physics courses as part of their studies.

考点：干扰信息。题目中的关键词majoring in在定位句中重现，后面听到的科目名称science、technology、engineering在选项C中重现，另外，定位句中的math和选项C中的mathematics是同义替换，答案就是C。注意：定位句中首先提到了physics，但前面有weren't，所以它不是主修的科目，是干扰信息，选项A是干扰项。

Example 3（Cambridge IELTS 11 Test 3 Section 3 Question 24）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

JEREMY: Yes, I like what you've done. The only thing is, could you add Malcolm to it, without changing what's already there.

HELEN: What about having him sitting on the tree trunk on the right of the picture?

JEREMY: Yes, that would be fine.

HELEN: And do you want him watching the other people?

JEREMY: No, he's been left out of all the fun, so I'd like him to be crying—that'll contrast nicely with the next picture, where he's laughing at the clowns in the carnival.

HELEN: Right, I'll do that.

【考点点拨】

答案：crying

预测：画出题目中的关键词Add Malcolm、sitting on、tree trunk。根据题目中的Malcolm sitting，预知要填动名词，表示Malcolm的另一个行为。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段对话：

JEREMY: Yes, I like what you've done. The only thing is, could you add Malcolm to it, without changing what's already there.

HELEN: What about having him sitting on the tree trunk on the right of the picture?

JEREMY: Yes, that would be fine.

HELEN: And do you want him watching the other people?

JEREMY: No, he's been left out of all the fun, so I'd like him to be crying.

考点：干扰信息。题目中的关键词add Malcolm、sitting on、tree trunk在定位句中重现，定位句中的him指代的就是Malcolm，答案就是crying。注意：定位句中第一个him后面的动名词watching是干扰信息，因为后面的回答是No。

Example 4（Cambridge IELTS 8 Test 1 Section 2 Questions 16-18）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

When the students come into the museum foyer we ask them to check in their backpacks with their books, lunch boxes, etc, at the cloakroom before they enter the museum proper. I'm afraid in the past we have had a few things gone missing after school visits so this is a strict rule. Also, some of the exhibits are fragile and we don't want them to be accidentally knocked. But we do provide school students with handouts with questions and quizzes on them. There's so much that students can learn in the museum and it's fun for them to have something to do. Of course they'll need to bring something to write with for these. We do allow students to take photographs. For students who are doing projects it's useful to make some kind of visual record of what they see that they can add to their reports. And finally, they should not bring anything to eat into the museum, or drinks of any kind.

【考点点拨】

Which THREE things can students have with them in the museum?

A food

B water

C cameras

D books

E bags

F pens

G worksheets

答案：C、F、G（IN ANY ORDER）

预读：画出题目中的关键词THREE things、students have，题目问的是学生在博物馆里可以带哪三样东西。再画出选项中的关键词：A food、B water、C cameras、D books、E bags、F pens、G worksheets。

定位：根据题目所问定位到录音中的以下三句话：

（1）But we do provide school students with handouts with questions and quizzes on them.

（2）Of course they'll need to bring something to write with for these.

（3）We do allow students to take photographs.

考点：干扰信息。定位句（1）中说的东西是handouts with questions and quizzes on them（带有问题和测验的宣传手册），选项G worksheets（学生的活页练习题）与之意思相符；根据定位句（2）中的bring something to write，可以推断出学生要带的东西是pens，即选项F；根据定位句（3）中的take photographs（照相），可以推断出学生可以带的东西是cameras（相机），即选项C。第16、17、18题的答案就是C、F、G。

注意：在定位句的前面，录音中还提到了backpacks和books，这里的backpacks和选项E中的bags是同义替换，但背包和书是at the cloakroom（放在衣帽间）的，不是带到博物馆的，所以backpacks和books是干扰信息，选项D和E是干扰项。此外，在定位句的后面，录音中还提到了anything to eat（吃的东西）和drinks（饮料），它们分别和选项A中的food以及选项B中的water是同义替换，但录音中说的是should not bring（不许带）。所以anything to eat和drinks是干扰信息，选项A和B是干扰项。

Example 5（Cambridge IELTS 8 Test 1 Section 3 Question 29）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

SANDRA: Yes. There's nowhere to stay in the park itself, but there's an old trading post called Goulding quite near. All kinds of tours start from Goulding, too.

TUTOR: What kind of tours?

SANDRA: Well, the most popular are in four-wheel drive jeeps—but I wouldn't recommend hiring those. I think the best way to appreciate the area would be to hire horses instead and trek around on those. Biking is not allowed and it's impossible to drive around the area in private vehicles. The tracks are too rough.

【考点点拨】

29 Sandra suggests that they share the ………………… for transport.

答案：horses

预测：画出题目中的关键词suggests、share、transport。根据题目中的share the …………for transport，预知要填名词，并且是可以用来作为交通工具使用的。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段话：Well, the most popular are in four-wheel drive jeeps—but I wouldn't recommend hiring those. I think the best way to appreciate the area would be to hire horses instead and trek around on those. Biking is not allowed and it's impossible to drive around the area in private vehicles.

考点：干扰信息。定位中的think和题目中的关键词suggests是同义替换，后面听到了to hire horses，由此推断出要使用的交通工具就是horses。由于空格前给出了动词share，空格处要填的就是horses。

注意：定位句中首先提到了four-wheel drive jeeps（四轮动力吉普车），但定位句又说wouldn't recommend（不推荐）；此外，定位句中还提到了biking，但随后又说not allowed（不允许）。所以four-wheel drive jeeps和biking都是干扰信息。

Example 6（Cambridge IELTS 8 Test 2 Section 1 Question 3）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

JUDY: …where were the goods shipped from?

MICHAEL: China, but the ship came via Singapore and was there for about a week.

JUDY: Don't worry, all of that information will be in the documentation. Now, the dates. Do you know when the ship arrived?

MICHAEL: It left on the 11th of October and got to Sydney on the 28th of November.

JUDY: Okay. I need one more thing. There's a reference number. It should be in the top right-hand corner of the pink form they gave you.

MICHAEL: Let me have a look. I have so many papers. Yes, here it is. It's 601 ACK.

JUDY: Thanks.

【考点点拨】

TOTAL INSURANCE INCIDENT REPORT

Date of arrival 3…………………

答案：28 November

预测：画出题目中的关键词Date、arrival。根据题目中的关键词，预知要填到达的日期。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段对话：

JUDY: Don't worry, all of that information will be in the documentation. Now, the dates. Do you know when the ship arrived?

MICHAEL: It left on the 11th of October and got to Sydney on the 28th of November.

考点：干扰信息。定位句中的dates…arrived和题目中的date of arrival是同义替换，Michael对到达日期的回答是got to Sydney on the 28th of November，所以到达的日期就是the 28th of November。由于题目要求填写不超过3个词和/或1个数字，所以答案就是28 November。注意：题目问的是到达的时间，而the 11th of October说的是出发的时间，是干扰信息。

Example 7（Cambridge IELTS 8 Test 3 Section 1 Questions 9 and 10）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

MAN: Why's that part of town so popular?

WOMAN: Well, there's a big scheme to improve the district, and it'll soon have the best facilities for miles around.

MAN: What sort of thing?

WOMAN: There's a big sports centre under construction, which will be very impressive when it's finished. In fact the swimming pool's already opened, ahead of schedule, and it's attracting a lot of people.

MAN: What about cinemas: are there any in the area?

WOMAN: The only one closed down last year, and it's now in the process of being converted into a film museum. The local people are trying to get a new cinema added to the scheme.

MAN: I think I heard something about a plan to replace the existing concert hall with a larger one.

WOMAN: Ah, that's due to start next year.

MAN: Well it sounds an interesting area to live in. Could I go and see the house, please?

WOMAN: Yes, of course.

【考点点拨】

Which TWO facilities in the district of Devon Close are open to the public at the moment?

A museum

B concert hall

C cinema

D sports centre

E swimming pool

答案：B、E（IN EITHER ORDER）

预读：画出题目中的关键词TWO facilities、district、Devon Close、open、public、at the moment，题目问的是目前在Devon Close地区，有哪两种设施是对公众开放的。再画出选项中的关键词：A museum, B concert hall, C cinema, D sports centre, E swimming pool。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段对话：

WOMAN: Well, there's a big scheme to improve the district, and it'll soon have the best facilities for miles around.

MAN: What sort of thing?

WOMAN: There's a big sports centre under construction, which will be very impressive when it's finished. In fact the swimming pool's already opened, ahead of schedule, and it's attracting a lot of people.

MAN: What about cinemas: are there any in the area?

WOMAN: The only one closed down last year, and it's now in the process of being converted into a film museum. The local people are trying to get a new cinema added to the scheme.

MAN: I think I heard something about a plan to replace the existing concert hall with a larger one.

考点：干扰信息。题目中的关键词the district、facilities在定位句中重现。注意题目中表示时间的词at the moment（目前）。后面听到了the swimming pool's already opened，选项E swimming pool符合题意；此外，后面又听到了the existing concert hall，这里的the existing表示的就是目前存在的意思，选项B concert hall符合题意。第9、10题的答案就是B、E。注意：定位句中还提到了sports centre、cinemas、museum，但这些是正在建设中或已经关闭的项目，而非目前可以使用的项目，是干扰信息。选项A、C、D是干扰项。