2.3　主语

主语是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。主语是针对谓语而言的，是一句话的主题；谓语用来说明主语的情况，为主语提供信息。例如：They are working。主语是they（他们），那么，他们在做什么呢？看来没有谓语are working是不行的。在正常情况下，英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致，也就是说主语在前，谓语紧跟其后。哪些词语可以做主语、谓语，何时主谓倒置，主语与谓语的一致情况如何，我们将一一论述。

可以充当主语的词如下。

（1）名词

A mooncake is a delicious，round cake.

The first truck is carrying a few baskets.

The temperature will stay above zero.

The doctor looked over Mrs.Brown very carefully.

China does not want to copy the USA's example.

（2）代词

It is a young forest.

I do not know if it will grow.

That is a bit expensive.

You should better buy a new pair.

I am afraid we haven't got any black shoes.

（3）数词

One and two is three.

One is not enough for me.I want one more.

One of them is English.

Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck.

Two will be enough.

（4）不定式

常以It is adj/n.to do sth形式出现。例如：

To giveis better than to receive.=It is better to give than to receive

To study abroadis my greatest desire.=It is my greatest desire to study abroad

To see you again is glad.=It is glad to see you again

课堂练习：请画出it作形式主语的动词不定式

It is common for supporters of road networks to reject the models of citieswith good public transport by arguing that such systems would not work in their particular city.

参考答案：

It is common for supporters of road networks to reject the models of cities with good public transport by arguing that such systems would not work in their particular city.

（5）名词化的形容词

The poor are a pity.

The rich are lucky.

（6）There引起的There be句型中

此句型中be作谓语，主语位居其后。

There are many different kinds of mooncakes.

There will be a strong wind.

（7）动名词

Seeing is believing.

Listening to music makes me high.

课堂练习：请画出动名词主语

Eliminating the secrecy surrounding pay by openly communicating everyone's remuneration，publicising performance bonuses and allocating annual salary increases in a lump sum rather than spreading them out over an entire year are examples of actions that will make rewards more visible and potentially more motivating.

参考答案：

Eliminating the secrecy surrounding pay by openly communicating everyone's remuneration，publicising performance bonuses and allocating annual salary increases in a lump sum rather than spreading them out over an entire year are examples of actions that will make rewards more visible and potentially more motivating.

（8）名词性从句

That he does not study makes me angry.

Whether he can do it remains to be seen.

What you have done is good job.