1.2 谓语动词

谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词,主要由实义动词充当。另外,be动词和某些动词短语也可以是谓语动词。助动词、情态动词不能单独作谓语,只能协助主要动词一起构成谓语动词,可以理解为复合谓语。例如:

I see a beautiful girl.(实义动词)

She is pretty beautiful.(be动词,这里也是系动词)

I do like this book.(这里do是助动词,需要和后面的like一起构成复合谓语)

You should finish your homework tonight.(这里should是情态动词,需要和finish一起构成复合谓语)

从形式上看,谓语动词一般可以归纳为:动词的原形、动词的三单(第三人称单数)形式和动词的过去式3类。例如:

I see a beautiful girl.(原形)

He sees a beautiful girl.(三单)

I saw a beautiful girl.(过去式)

某些助动词,比如be、have、do等也可以和现在分词、过去分词等一起构成复合谓语,表达各种时态或主动被动等。例如:

(1)Be+现在分词=进行时

He is reading a book.(助动词is和现在分词reading一起构成复合谓语成为现在进行时)

(2)Be+及物动词的过去分词=被动语态

He was elected president.(助动词was和过去分词elected一起构成被动语态)

(3)Have+过去分词=完成时态

He has written the letter.

(4)Do+not+动词原形=表否定

I do not see him.

(5)Do+动词原形=表强调

He did work hard.