本章小结

城市交通拥堵已成为国内外城市发展普遍面临的热点和难点问题。为解决这一难题,人们试图从城市规划、交通建设、政策引导、技术开发等各个层面寻求解决方案。由于经济社会发展领先一步,发达国家在交通治堵的研究方面已有了不少积累,同时在交通定价方面的众多研究成果也为治理拥堵提供了更多的思路和工具。相较之下,国内城市步入机动化交通时期不久,面对交通拥堵及其治理问题还缺少系统的理论支撑和实践探索。结合当前国内城市治堵实践来看,管理当局更多利用了见效快但不持久的行政手段,而对效力持久经济手段的开发和运用则稍逊一筹,尤其是在经济手段和价格工具方面,仍需要开拓性的研究。基于此,本研究从经济角度对拥堵及治理展开研究,探索行之有效的理论、方法和政策,以期有效缓解城市交通拥堵。


[1] Texas A&M Transportation Institute and Inrix,2015 Urban Mobility Scorecard,2015,https://mobility.tamu.edu/ums/report/.

[2] Meyer,John R.,and José A.Gómez-Ibá?ez,Autos Transit and Cities,Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1981.

[3] Alex Anas,and Rong Xu,“Congestion,Land Use,and Job Dispersion:A General Equilibrium Model”,Journal of Urban Economics,Vol.45,No.3,June 2005.

[4] Plane,David A.,“Urban Transportation Policy Alternatives”,in The Geography of Urban Transportation,ed.by Susan Hanson,New York:Guilford Press,1995,pp.435-469.

[5] Burchell,Robert W.,et al.,“The Costs of Sprawl-revisited”,Tcrp Report,1998.

[6] Anas,Alex,and I.Kim,“General Equilibrium Models of Polycentric Urban Land Use With Endogenous Congestion And Job Agglomeration”,Journal of Urban Economics,Vol.40,No.2,January 1996.

[7] Gordon,Peter,Ajay Kumar,and Harry W.Richardson,“The Influence of Metropolitan Spatial Structure on Commuting Time”,Journal of Urban Economics,Vol.26,No.2,1989.

[8] Rosetti,M.,and B.Eversole,Journey to Work Trends in the United States and its Major Metropolitan Area,Cambridge:John A.Volpe National Transportation Systems Center,1993.

[9] Giuliano,Genevieve,and Kenneth A.Small,“Is the Journey to Work Explained by Urban Structure?”,Urban Studies,Vol.30,No.9,1993.

[10] Downs,Anthony,Stuck in Traffic,Washington,D.C.:The Brookings Institution;Cambridge:The Lincoln Institute of Land Policy,1992.

[11] Cropper,M L,and P.L.Gordon,“Wasteful Commuting-A Re-examination”,Journal of Urban Economics 29,June 2005.

[12] White,Michelle J.,“Housing and the Journey to Work in U.S.Cities”,in Housing Markets in the United States and Japan,eds.by Y.Noguchi and J.Poterba,National Bureau of Economic Research Convergence Report,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1994,pp.133-159.

[13] Crane,Randall,“The Influence of Uncertain Job Location on Urban Form and the Journey to Work”,Journal of Urban Economics,Vol.39,No.3,May 1996.

[14] Pratt,and Andy,“Coordinating Employment,Transport and Housing in Cities:An Institutional Perspective”,Urban Studies,Vol.33,No.8,October 1996.

[15] Turner,Tracy,and D.Niemeier,“Travel to Work and Household Responsibility:New Evidence”,Transportation,Vol.24,No.4,November 1997.

[16] Newman,Peter W.G.,and Jeffrey R.Kenworthy,“Gasoline Consumption and Cities:A Comparison of U.S.Cities With a Global Survey”,Journal of the American Planning Association,Vol.55,Issue 1,55,1989.

[17] Tong,C.O.,and S.C.Wong,“The Advantages of a High Density,Mixed Land Use,Linear Urban Development”,Transportation,Vol.24,Issue 3,August 1997.

[18] Downs,Anthony,Stuck in Traffic,Washington,D.C.:The Brookings Institution,Cambridge:The Lincoln Institute of Land Policy,1992.

[19] Meyer,John R.,and José A.Gómez-Ibá?ez,Autos Transit and Cities,Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1981.

[20] White,Michelle J.,“Housing and the Journey to Work in U.S.Cities”,in Housing Markets in the United States and Japan,eds.by Y.Noguchi and J.Poterba,National Bureau of Economic Research Convergence Report,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1994,pp.133-159.

[21] Cervero,Robert,“Traditional neighborhoods and commuting in the San Francisco Bay area”,Transportation,Vol.23,No.4,November 1996.

[22] Kitamura,Ryuichi,Patricia L.Mokhtarian,and Laura Laidet,“A Micro-Analysis of Land Use and Travel in Five Neighborhoods in the San Francisco Bay Area”,Transportation,Vol.24,Issue 2,1997.

[23] Horowitz,Joel,“Example:Modeling Choices of Residential Location and Mode of Travel to Work”,in The Geography of Urban Transportation,ed.by Susan Hanson,New York:Guilford Press,1995.

[24] Horowitz,Joel,“Example:Modeling Choices of Residential Location and Mode of Travel to Work”,in The Geography of Urban Transportation,ed.by Susan Hanson,New York:Guilford Press,1995.

[25] Giuliano,Genevieve,“Land Use Impacts of Transportation Investments:Highway and Transit”,in The Geography of Urban Transportation,ed.by Susan Hanson,New York:Guilford Press,1995,pp.305-341.

[26] Bollinger,Christopher R.,and K.R.Ihlanfeldt,“The Impact of Rapid Rail Transit on Economic Development:The Case of Atlanta's MARTA”,in Journal of Urban Economics,Vol.42,No.2,1997.

[27] Fielding,Gordon J.,“Transit in American Cities”,in The Geography of Urban Transportation,ed.by Susan Hanson,New York:Guilford Press,1995,pp.287-305.

[28] Pickrell,D.,“A Desire Named Streetcar:Fantasy and Fact in Rail Transit Planning”,Journal of the American Planning Association,Vol.58,No.2,58,1992.

[29] McDonald,John F.,and Clifford J.Osuji,“The Effect of Anticipated Transportation Improvement on Residential Land Values”,Regional Science and Urban Economics,Vol.25,No.3,1995.

[30] Anderson,David,and Herbert Mohring,Distributional Consequences of Congestion Pricing:Analysis of a Network With Heterogenous Commuters,Minneapolis:Center for Transportation Studies,University of Minnesota,1996.

[31] Downs,Anthony,Stuck in Traffic,Washington,D.C.:The Brookings Institution,Cambridge:The Lincoln Institute of Land Policy,1992.

[32] Segal,David,and T.L.Steinmeier,“The Incidence of Congestion and Congestion Tolls”,Journal of Urban Economics,Vol.7,Issue 1,January 1980.

[33] Shoup,D.,“Cashing Out Free Parking”,Transportation Quarterly,Vol.36,Issue 3,July 1982.

[34] Giuliano,Genevieve,and Kenneth A.Small,“Alternative Strategies for Coping with Traffic Congestion”,in Urban Agglomeration and Economic Growth,ed.by Herbert Giersch,Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag Press,1995,pp.199-225.

[35] Wilson,Richard W.,“Estimating the Travel and Parking Demand Effects of Employer-Paid Parking”,Regional Science and Urban Economics,Vol.22,Issue 1,March 1992.

[36] Plane,David A.,“Urban Transportation Policy Alternatives”,in The Geography of Urban Transportation,ed.by Susan Hanson,New York:Guilford Press,1995,pp.435-469.

[37] Higgins,Thomas J.,“Parking Taxes:Effectiveness,Legality,and Implementation,Some General Considerations”,Transportation,Vol.19,No.3,1992.

[38] Ferguson,Erik,“The Rise and Fall of the American Carpool:1970-1990”,Transportation,Vol.24,No.4,January 1997.

[39] Plane,David A.,“Urban Transportation Policy Alternatives”,in The Geography of Urban Transportation,ed.by Susan Hanson,New York:Guilford Press,1995,pp.435-469.

[40] Kwon,Eil,and Csaba Kelen,Preliminary Study for the Development of Decision Support System for Congestion Pricing,Minneapolis:Center for Transportation Studies,University of Minnesota,1998.

[41] O'Dea,William P.,“Optimal Metering in the Bottleneck Congestion Model”,Journal of Urban Economics,Vol.45,No.1,January 1999.

[42] 陆化普:《城市交通拥堵机理分析与对策体系》,《综合运输》2014年第3期。

[43] 秦华容、杨铭:《北京地铁低价政策为何难解城市交通拥堵》,《综合运输》2013年第2期。

[44] 新浪财经:《易珉:北京公共交通出行比例为40%,香港是90%》,http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/2016-03-22/doc-ifxqnsty4907137.shtml。

[45] 陆化普:《城市交通供给策略与交通需求管理对策研究》,《城市交通》2012年第3期。

[46] 马林:《城市交通发展模式转型与战略取向》,《城市交通》2013年第5期。

[47] 王殿海、吴娟、栗红强:《典型线路公共汽车票价确定方法研究》,《公路交通科技》2000年第6期。

[48] 仝允桓:《城市快速交通线项目的最优票价与政府补偿》,《系统工程理论与实践》2001年第4期。

[49] 闫小勇、牛学勤:《基于概率选择的城市轨道交通最优票价计算方法》,《城市轨道交通研究》2003年第6期。

[50] 戚宇杰、姜涛:《基于系统动力学的城市轨道交通定价方法研究》,《都市快轨交通》2005年第6期。

[51] 陈义华、车天义、赵良杰等:《重庆市轻轨票价理论及应用》,《重庆大学学报》(自然科学版)2005年第6期。

[52] 赵良杰、陈义华、车天义:《重庆轻轨票价方案研究》,《铁道运输与经济》2005年第11期。

[53] 汤薇、陈森发、仇向洋:《基于生命周期客流分摊成本的城市轨道交通定价方法》,《系统工程理论与实践》2007年第5期。

[54] 付聪、尹贻林、李丽红:《基于高峰定价的城市轨道交通价格研究——天津地铁定价方案改进策略》,《价格理论与实践》2008年第10期。

[55] 陆卫、张宁、杨利强:《基于层次分析法的轨道交通票价制定方法》,《武汉理工大学学报》(信息与管理工程版)2009年第2期。

[56] 刘杰、何世伟、宋瑞:《基于社会经济效益最大化的轨道交通票价优化》,《吉林大学学报》(工学版)2011年第5期。

[57] 邵星杰、陈莹、张宁:《基于拉姆塞模型的城市轨道交通定价研究》,《都市快轨交通》2010年第6期。

[58] 王健等:《基于差别定价的城市公共交通价格体系研究》,《科学技术与工程》2010年第22期。

[59] 陈宽民、罗小强:《城市快速轨道交通合理票价的博弈分析》,《长安大学学报》(自然科学版)2005年第4期。

[60] 马超群、王玉萍、陈宽民:《城市轨道交通与常规公交之竞争模型》,《交通运输系统工程与信息》2007年第3期。

[61] 卞长志、陆化普:《城市轨道交通与常规公交的票价博弈研究》,《公路工程》2009年第1期。

[62] 高家驹:《综合运输概论》,中国铁道出版社2000年版,第165—170页。

[63] 张光远:《用价格政策支持城市公共交通优先发展》,《价格理论与实践》2005年第12期。

[64] 施祖洪:《上海城市公共交通价格机制与比价关系研究》,《价格理论与实践》2005年第7期。

[65] 杨林:《城市公共交通价格改革研究》,《价格月刊》2005年第1期。

[66] 沈贤德:《公共交通票价形成体系规范的探讨》,《浙江统计》2006年第7期。

[67] 姚丽亚、关宏志、严海:《公交票价比对公交结构的影响及方式选择模型》,《北京工业大学学报》2007年第8期。

[68] 王健、安实、赵泽斌:《基于财政补贴的拥挤定价下公交收费策略研究》,《管理工程学报》2006年第2期。