1.Fire A，Xu S，Montgomery MK，et al.Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans.Nature，1998，391：806-811

2.Bernstein E，Caudy AA，Hammond SM，et al.Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference.Nature，2001，409：363-366

3.Elbashir SM，Lendeckel W，Tuschl T.RNA interference is mediated by 21- and 22-nucleotide RNAs.Genes Dev，2001，15：188-200

4.Hammond SM，Bernstein E，Beach D，et al.An RNA-directed nuclease mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophila cells.Nature，2000，404：293-296

5.Grishok A，Pasquinelli AE，Conte D，et al.Genes and mechanisms related to RNA interference regulate expression of the small temporal RNAs that control C.elegans developmental timing.Cell，2001，106：23-34

6.Lee YS，Nakahara K，Pham JW，et al.Distinct roles for Drosophila Dicer-1 and Dicer-2 in the siRNA/miRNA silencing pathways.Cell，2004，117：69-81

7.Vilcek J.Fifty years of interferon research：aiming at a moving target.Immunity，2006，25：343-348

8.Voinnet O.Use，tolerance and avoidance of amplified RNA silencing by plants.Trends Plant Sci，2008，13：317-328

9.Ambros V，Lee RC，Lavanway A，et al.MicroRNAs and other tiny endogenous RNAs in C.elegans.Curr Biol，2003，13：807-818

10.Zilberman D，Cao X，Jacobsen SE.ARGONAUTE4 control of locus-specific siRNA accumulation and DNA and histone methylation.Science（New York，N.Y.），2003，299：716-719

11.Peragine A，Yoshikawa M，Wu G，et al.SGS3 and SGS2/SDE1/RDR6 are required for juvenile development and the production of trans-acting siRNAs in Arabidopsis.Genes Dev，2004，18：2368-2379

12.Yang N，Kazazian HH Jr.L1 retrotransposition is suppressed by endogenously encoded small interfering RNAs in human cultured cells.Nat Struct Mol Biol，2006，13：763-771

13.Tomari Y，Zamore PD.Perspective：machines for RNAi.Genes Dev，2005，19：517-529

14.Liu J，Valencia-Sanchez MA，Hannon GJ，et al.MicroRNA-dependent localization of targeted mRNAs to mammalian P-bodies.Nat Cell Biol，2005，7：719-723

15.Ohrt T，Mutze J，Staroske W，et al.Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy reveal the cytoplasmic origination of loaded nuclear RISC in vivo in human cells.Nucleic Acids Res，2008，36：6439-6449

16.Lippman Z，Martienssen R.The role of RNA interference in heterochromatic silencing.Nature，2004，431：364-370

17.Sugiyama T，Cam H，Verdel A，et al.RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is an essential component of a selfenforcing loop coupling heterochromatin assembly to siRNA production.Proc NatI Acad Sci USA，2005，102：152-157

18.Kaikkonen MU，Lam MT，Glass CK.Non-coding RNAs as regulators of gene expression and epigenetics.Cardiovasc Res，2011，90：430-440

19.Nishida KM，Saito K，Mori T，et al.Gene silencing mechanisms mediated by Aubergine piRNA complexes in Drosophila male gonad.RNA（New York，N.Y.），2007，13：1911-1922

20.Brennecke J，Aravin AA，Stark A，et al.Discrete small RNA-generating loci as master regulators of transposon activity in Drosophila.Cell，2007，128：1089-1103

21.Saito K，Siomi MC.Small RNA-mediated quiescence of transposable elements in animals.Dev Cell，2010，19：687-697

22.Ishizu H，Siomi H，Siomi MC.Biology of PIWI-interacting RNAs：new insights into biogenesis and function inside and outside of germlines.Genes Dev，2012，26：2361-2373

23.Kawaoka S，Izumi N，Katsuma S，et al.3′ end formation of PIWI-interacting RNAs in vitro.Mol Cell，2011，43：1015-1022

24.Siomi MC，Sato K，Pezic D，et al.PIWI-interacting small RNAs：the vanguard of genome defence.Nat Rev.Mol Cell Biol，2011，12：246-258

25.Houwing S，Berezikov E，Ketting RF.Zili is required for germ cell differentiation and meiosis in zebrafish.EMBO J，2008，27：2702-2711

26.Haase AD，Fenoglio S，Muerdter F，et al.Probing the initiation and effector phases of the somatic piRNA pathway in Drosophila.Genes Dev，2010，24：2499-2504

27.Carmell MA，Girard A，van de Kant HJ，et al.MIWI2 is essential for spermatogenesis and repression of transposons in the mouse male germline.Dev Cell，2007，12：503-514

28.Reuter M，Berninger P，Chuma S，et al.Miwi catalysis is required for piRNA amplification-independent LINE1 transposon silencing.Nature，2011，480：264- 267

29.Gunawardane LS，Saito K，Nishida KM，et al.A slicer-mediated mechanism for repeat-associated siRNA 5′ end formation in Drosophila.Science（New York，N.Y.），2007，315：1587-1590

30.Brower-Toland B，Findley SD，Jiang L，et al.Drosophila PIWI associates with chromatin and interacts directly with HP1a.Genes Dev，2007，21：2300-2311

31.Klenov MS，Lavrov SA，Stolyarenko AD，et al.Repeat-associated siRNAs cause chromatin silencing of retrotransposons in the Drosophila melanogaster germline.Nucl Acids Res，2007，35：5430-5438

32.Unhavaithaya Y，Hao Y，Beyret E，et al.MILI，a PIWI-interacting RNA-binding protein，is required for germ line stem cell self-renewal and appears to positively regulate translation.J Biol Chem，2009，284：6507-6519

33.Grimson A，Srivastava M，Fahey B，et al.Early origins and evolution of microRNAs and Piwi-interacting RNAs in animals.Nature，2008，455：1193-1197

34.Saito K，Inagaki S，Mituyama T，et al.A regulatory circuit for piwi by the large Maf gene traffic jam in Drosophila.Nature，2009，461：1296-1299

35.Bartel DP.MicroRNAs：target recognition and regulatory functions.Cell，2009，136：215-233

36.Friedman RC，Farh KK，Burge CB，et al.Most mammalian mRNAs are conserved targets of microRNAs.Genome Res，2009，19：92-105

37.Krol J，Loedige I，Filipowicz W.The widespread regulation of microRNA biogenesis，function and decay.Nat Rev Genet，2010，11：597-610

38.Ruegger S，Grosshans H.MicroRNA turnover：when，how，and why.Trends Biochem Sci，2012，37：436-446

39.Okamura K，Hagen JW，Duan H，et al.The mirtron pathway generates microRNA-class regulatory RNAs in Drosophila.Cell，2007，130：89-100

40.Ruby JG，Jan CH，Bartel DP.Intronic microRNA precursors that bypass Drosha processing.Nature，2007，448：83-86

41.Okazaki Y，Furuno M，Kasukawa T，et al.Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60，770 full-length cDNAs.Nature，2002，420：563-573

42.Du Toit A.Non-coding RNA：RNA stability control by Pol Ⅱ.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol，2013，14：128

43.Hung T，Chang HY.Long noncoding RNA in genome regulation：prospects and mechanisms.RNA Biol，2010，7：582-585

44.Pang KC，Frith MC，Mattick JS.Rapid evolution of noncoding RNAs：lack of conservation does not mean lack of function.Trends Genet，2006，22：1-5

45.Rinn JL，Kertesz M，Wang JK，et al.Functional demarcation of active and silent chromatin domains in human HOX loci by noncoding RNAs.Cell，2007，129：1311-1323

46.Tsai MC，Manor O，Wan Y，et al.Long noncoding RNA as modular scaffold of histone modification complexes.Science（New York，N.Y.），2010，329：689-693

47.Ohhata T，Hoki Y，Sasaki H，et al.Crucial role of antisense transcription across the Xist promoter in Tsixmediated Xist chromatin modification.Development（Cambridge，England），2008，135：227-235

48.Zhao J，Sun BK，Erwin JA，et al.Polycomb proteins targeted by a short repeat RNA to the mouse X chromosome.Science（New York，N.Y.），2008，322：750-756

49.Lee JT，Bartolomei MS.X-inactivation，imprinting，and long noncoding RNAs in health and disease.Cell，2013，152：1308-1323

50.Martianov I，Ramadass A，Serra Barros A，et al.Repression of the human dihydrofolate reductase gene by a noncoding interfering transcript.Nature，2007，445：666-670

51.Wang X，Arai S，Song X，et al.Induced ncRNAs allosterically modify RNA-binding proteins in cis to inhibit transcription.Nature，2008，454：126-130

52.Tripathi V，Ellis JD，Shen Z，et al.The nuclear-retained noncoding RNA MALAT1 regulates alternative splicing by modulating SR splicing factor phosphorylation.Mol Cell，2010，39：925-938

53.Yanagida S，Taniue K，Sugimasa H，et al.ASBEL，an ANA/BTG3 antisense transcript required for tumorigenicity of ovarian carcinoma.Sci Rep，2013，3：1305

54.Faghihi MA，Modarresi F，Khalil AM，et al.Expression of a noncoding RNA is elevated in Alzheimer’s disease and drives rapid feed-forward regulation of beta-secretase.Nat Med，2008，14：723-1730

55.Chalfie M，Horvitz HR，Sulston JE.Mutations that lead to reiterations in the cell lineages of C.elegans.Cell，1981，24：59-69

56.Lee R，Feinbaum R，Ambros V.A short history of a short RNA.Cell，2004，116：S89-S92

57.Ferguson EL，Sternberg PW，Horvitz HR.A genetic pathway for the specification of the vulval cell lineages of Caenorhabditis elegans.Nature，1987，326：259-267

58.Lee RC，Feinbaum RL，Ambros V.The C.elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14.Cell，1993，75：843-854

59.Wightman B，Ha I，Ruvkun G.Posttranscriptional regulation of the heterochronic gene lin-14 by lin-4 mediates temporal pattern formation in C.elegans.Cell，1993，75：855-862

60.Reinhart BJ，Slack FJ，Basson M，et al.The 21-nucleotide let-7 RNA regulates developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans.Nature，2000，403：901-906

61.Hutvagner G，McLachlan J，Pasquinelli AE，et al.A cellular function for the RNA-interference enzyme Dicer in the maturation of the let-7 small temporal RNA.Science（New York，N.Y.），2001，293：834-838

62.Zamore PD.Thirty-three years later，a glimpse at the ribonuclease Ⅲ active site.Mol Cell，2001，8：1158-1160

63.Lee Y，Ahn C，Han J，et al.The nuclear RNase Ⅲ Drosha initiates microRNA processing.Nature，2003，425：415-419

64.Gregory RI，Yan KP，Amuthan G，et al.The Microprocessor complex mediates the genesis of microRNAs.Nature，2004，432：235-240

65.Yi R，Qin Y，Macara IG，et al.Exportin-5 mediates the nuclear export of pre-microRNAs and short hairpin RNAs.Genes Dev，2003，17：3011-3016

66.Lund E，Guttinger S，Calado A，et al.Nuclear export of microRNA precursors.Science（New York，N.Y.），2004，303：95-98

67.Calin GA，Dumitru CD，Shimizu M，et al.Frequent deletions and down- regulation of micro-RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Proc NatI Acad Sci U S A，2002，99：15524-15529

68.van Rooij E，Sutherland LB，Liu N，et al.A signature pattern of stress-responsive microRNAs that can evoke cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.Proc Nation Acad Sci U S A，2006，103：18255-18260

69.Krutzfeldt J，Rajewsky N，Braich R，et al.Silencing of microRNAs in vivo with ‘antagomirs’.Nature，2005，438：685-689

70.Ebert MS，Neilson JR，Sharp PA.MicroRNA sponges：competitive inhibitors of small RNAs in mammalian cells.Nat Method，2007，4：721-726

71.Obad S，dos Santos CO，Petri A，et al.Silencing of microRNA families by seed-targeting tiny LNAs.Nat Genet，2011，43：371-378

72.Rodriguez A，Griffiths-Jones S，Ashurst JL，et al.Identification of mammalian microRNA host genes and transcription units.Genome Res，2004，14：1902-1910

73.Cai X，Hagedorn CH，Cullen BR.Human microRNAs are processed from capped，polyadenylated transcripts that can also function as mRNAs.RNA（New York，N.Y.），2004，10：1957-1966

74.Corcoran DL，Pandit KV，Gordon B，et al.Features of mammalian microRNA promoters emerge from polymeraseⅡ chromatin immunoprecipitation data.PloS One，2009，4：E5279

75.Mendell JT，Olson EN.MicroRNAs in stress signaling and human disease.Cell，2012，148：1172-1187

76.Najafi-Shoushtari SH，Kristo F，Li Y，et al.MicroRNA-33 and the SREBP host genes cooperate to control cholesterol homeostasis.Science（New York，N.Y.），2010，328：1566-1569

77.Rayner KJ，Suarez Y，Davalos A，et al.MiR-33 contributes to the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis.Science（New York，N.Y.），2010，328：1570-1573

78.Ota A，Tagawa H，Karnan S，et al.Identification and characterization of a novel gene，C13orf25，as a target for 13q31-q32 amplification in malignant lymphoma.Cancer Res，2004，64：3087-3095

79.Pillai RS，Bhattacharyya SN，Artus CG，et al.Inhibition of translational initiation by Let-7 MicroRNA in human cells.Science （New York，N.Y.），2005，309：1573-1576

80.Thermann R，Hentze MW.Drosophila miR2 induces pseudo-polysomes and inhibits translation initiation.Nature，2007，447：875-878

81.Chendrimada TP，Finn KJ，Ji X，et al.MicroRNA silencing through RISC recruitment of eIF6.Nature，2007，447：823-828

82.Kim J，Krichevsky A，Grad Y，et al.Identification of many microRNAs that copurify with polyribosomes in mammalian neurons.Proc NatI Acad Sci U S A，2004，101：360-365

83.Lanet E，Delannoy E，Sormani R，et al.Biochemical evidence for translational repression by Arabidopsis microRNAs.Plant Cell，2009，21：1762-1768

84.Eulalio A，Huntzinger E，Nishihara T，et al.Deadenylation is a widespread effect of miRNA regulation.RNA （New York，N.Y.），2009，15：21-32

85.Humphreys DT，Westman BJ，Martin DI，et al.MicroRNAs control translation initiation by inhibiting eukaryotic initiation factor 4E/cap and poly（A）tail function.Proc NatI Acad Sci U S A，2005，102：16961-16966

86.Zekri L，Huntzinger E，Heimstadt S，et al.The silencing domain of GW182 interacts with PABPC1 to promote translational repression and degradation of microRNA targets and is required for target release.Mol Cell Biol，2009，29：6220-6231

87.Vasudevan S，Steitz JA.AU-rich-element-mediated upregulation of translation by FXR1 and Argonaute 2.Cell，2007，128：1105-1118

88.Orom UA，Nielsen FC，Lund AH.MicroRNA-10a binds the 5’UTR of ribosomal protein mRNAs and enhances their translation.Mol Cell，2008，30：460-471

89.Min H，Yoon S.Got target？ Computational methods for microRNA target prediction and their extension.Exp Mol Med，2010，42（4）：233-244

90.Sethupathy P，Megraw M，Hatzigeorgiou AG.A guide through present computational approaches for the identification of mammalian microRNA targets.Nat Methods，2006，3：881-886

91.Easow G，Teleman AA，Cohen SM.Isolation of microRNA targets by miRNP immunopurification.RNA （New York，N.Y.），2007，13：1198-1204

92.Chi SW，Zang JB，Mele A，et al.Argonaute HITS-CLIP decodes microRNA-mRNA interaction maps.Nature，2009，460：479-486

93.Stanczyk J，Pedrioli DM，Brentano F，et al.Altered expression of microRNA in synovial fibroblasts and synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis.Arthrit Rheumat，2008，58：1001-1009

94.Pauley KM，Satoh M，Chan AL，et al.Upregulated miR-146a expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients.Arthrit Res Therap，2008，10：R101

95.Nakamachi Y，Kawano S，Takenokuchi M，et al.MicroRNA-124a is a key regulator of proliferation and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 secretion in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Arthrit Rheumat，2009，60：1294-1304

96.Kurowska-Stolarska M，Alivernini S，Ballantine LE，et al.MicroRNA-155 as a proinflammatory regulator in clinical and experimental arthritis.Proc NatI Acad Sci U S A，2011，108：11193-11198

97.Dai Y，Huang YS，Tang M，et al.Microarray analysis of microRNA expression in peripheral blood cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients.Lupus，2007，16：939-946

98.Tang Y，Luo X，Cui H，et al.MicroRNA-146A contributes to abnormal activation of the type I interferon pathway in human lupus by targeting the key signaling proteins.Arthrit Rheumat，2009，60：1065-1075

99.Pan W，Zhu S，Yuan M，et al.MicroRNA-21 and microRNA-148a contribute to DNA hypomethylation in lupus CD4+ T cells by directly and indirectly targeting DNA methyltransferase 1.J Immunol （Baltimore，Md.：1950），2010，184：6773-6781

100.Du C，Liu C，Kang J，et al.MicroRNA miR-326 regulates TH-17 differentiation and is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.Nat Immunol，2009，10：1252-1259

101.Lindberg RL，Hoffmann F，Mehling M，et al.Altered expression of miR-17-5p in CD4+ lymphocytes of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients.Europ J Immunol，2010，40：888-898

102.Gandhi R，Healy B，Gholipour T，et al.Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers for disease staging in multiple sclerosis.Ann Neurol，2013，73：729-740

103.Kim J，Inoue K，Ishii J，et al.A MicroRNA feedback circuit in midbrain dopamine neurons.Science，2007，317：1220-1224

104.Junn E，Lee KW，Jeong BS，et al.Repression of alpha-synuclein expression and toxicity by microRNA-7.Proc NatI Acad Sci U S A，2009，106：13052-13057

105.Doxakis E.Post-transcriptional regulation of alpha-synuclein expression by mir-7 and mir-153.J Biol Chem，2010，285：12726-12734

106.Gehrke S，Imai Y，Sokol N，et al.Pathogenic LRRK2 negatively regulates microRNA-mediated translational repression.Nature，2010，466：637-641

107.Hebert SS，Horre K，Nicolai L，et al.Loss of microRNA cluster miR-29a/b-1 in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease correlates with increased BACE1/beta-secretase expression.Proc NatI Acad Sci U S A，2008，105：6415-6120

108.Hu YK，Wang X，Li L，et al.MicroRNA-98 induces an Alzheimer’s disease-like disturbance by targeting insulin-like growth factor 1.Neurosci Bull，2013，29：745-751

109.Geekiyanage H，Chan C.MicroRNA-137/181c regulates serine palmitoyltransferase and in turn amyloid beta，novel targets in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease.J Neurosci：Official J Soc Neurosci，2011，31：14820-14830

110.Dickson JR，Kruse C，Montagna DR，et al.Alternative polyadenylation and miR- 34 family members regulate tau expression.J Neurochem，2013，127：739-749

111.Absalon S，Kochanek DM，Raghavan V，et al.MiR-26b，upregulated in Alzheimer’s disease，activates cell cycle entry，tau-phosphorylation，and apoptosis in postmitotic neurons.J Neurosci：Official J Soc Neurosci，2013，33：14645-14659

112.Johnson R，Zuccato C，Belyaev ND，et al.A microRNA-based gene dysregulation pathway in Huntington’s disease.Neurobiol Dis，2008，29：438-445

113.Packer AN，Xing Y，Harper SQ，et al.The bifunctional microRNA miR-9/miR-9* regulates REST and CoREST and is downregulated in Huntington’s disease.The J Neurosci：Official J Soc Neurosci，2008，28：14341-14346

114.Cheng PH，Li CL，Chang YF，et al.miR-196a ameliorates phenotypes of Huntington disease in cell，transgenic mouse，and induced pluripotent stem cell models.Am J Human Genet，2013，93：306-312

115.Kuzin A，Kundu M，Brody T，et al.The Drosophila nerfin-1 mRNA requires multiple microRNAs to regulate its spatial and temporal translation dynamics in the developing nervous system.Develop Biol，2007，310：35-43

116.Yekta S，Shih IH，Bartel DP.MicroRNA-directed cleavage of HOXB8 mRNA.Science （New York，N.Y.），2004，304：594-596

117.Tusher VG，Tibshirani R，Chu G.Significance analysis of microarrays applied to the ionizing radiation response.Proc NatI Acad Sci U S A，2001，98：5116-5121

118.Dogini DB，Ribeiro PA，Rocha C，et al.MicroRNA expression profile in murine central nervous system development.J Mol Neurosci，2008，35：331-337

119.Yu JY，Chung KH，Deo M，et al.MicroRNA miR-124 regulates neurite outgrowth during neuronal differentiation.Exp Cell Res，2008，314：2618-2633

120.Visvanathan J，Lee S，Lee B，et al.The microRNA miR-124 antagonizes the anti-neural REST/SCP1 pathway during embryonic CNS development.Genes Dev，2007，21：744-749

121.Cheng LC，Pastrana E，Tavazoie M，et al.miR-124 regulates adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone stem cell niche.Nature Neurosci，2009，12：399-408

122.Vo N，Klein ME，Varlamova O，et al.A cAMP-response element binding protein-induced microRNA regulates neuronal morphogenesis.Proc NatI Acadf Sci U S A，2005，102：16426-16431