二、产业发展和结构调整

Industrial Development and Structural Adjustment

（一）产业结构

industrial structure

国家产业政策

state（or national）industrial policies

国民经济命脉

the lifelines of national economy

产业结构

structure of production/industrial structure

产业结构优化

optimization of（optimize）the industrial structure

产业升级

upgrading industries/industrial upgrading

产业规划（行业规划）

industrial plan

核心基础产业

core（basic）industries

核心竞争力

the core competitiveness of enterprises

传统产业

traditional industries

支柱产业

pillar industry

优势产业

superior industry/strong industry

第一产业

primary industry

第二产业

secondary industry

第三产业

tertiary industry

第四产业

fourth order of enterprises/fourth industry

劳动密集型产业

labor-intensive industry

知识密集型产业

knowledge-intensive industry

资本集约工业（资本密集型工业）

capital-intensive industry

幼稚产业

newly rising（infant）industry

新兴产业

rising industry/burgeoning industry

非农产业

non-farming industry

基础工业（基础产业）

basic industry/infrastructural industry

房地产业

real estate sector

高技术产业

high-tech industry

垄断行业

monopoly industry

产业化

industrialize

经济增长方式

mode of economic growth

经济结构调整

readjustment of（or in）the economic structure/structural restructuring of economy

经济结构优化

optimization of the economic structure

优化产业结构

optimize the industrial structure

优化经济［资本］结构

optimize the economic［capital］structure

城乡二元经济结构

the dual structure in urban and rural economy

经济规模

economic scale

新的经济增长点

new point（s）of（or for）economic growth/new economic growth point（or area）

优势互补

having complementary advantages/take advantage of each other's strengths

产品结构

mix of product/product mix

产品质量

quality of product/product quality

长线产品

oversupplied（or goods）products

短线产品

product（or goods）in short supply

转产

change the line of production/reorientation of production

技术（产业）升级

raising the technological level/technology（industrial）upgrading

自主开发能力

the ability to manufacture all components of integrated system

燎原计划

Prairie Fire Plan

把开发新技术、新产品、新产业同开拓市场结合起来

combine the efforts to develop new technologies，products and industries with the efforts to open up markets

产业结构不合理

inappropriate industrial structure

产业结构调整和升级

readjust and improve industrial structure

改造和提高传统产业

transform and upgrade traditional industries

加强第一产业

strengthen the primary industry

积极发展第三产业

vigorously develop the tertiary industry

发展商业、金融、保险、旅游、信息、咨询、居民服务等第三产业

develop the tertiary industry including commerce，banking（or finance），insurance，tourism，information and consulting services and neighborhood services

关停并转

close down，suspend operation，merge with others or shift to a different line of production

国民经济整体素质和效益

the overall quality and performance of the national economy

加快发展水利、交通、通信、环保等基础设

施和钢铁、能源等基础工业

accelerate the development of infrastructure including water conservancy，transportation（or communications），telecommunications and environmental protection and of the basic industries such as iron and steel and energy sectors

调整和优化产业结构

readjust and optimize the industrial structure（or the structure of industry）

调整和提高第二产业

readjust and upgrade the secondary industry

推进国民经济信息化

give impetus to the extension of the use of information technology in national economy/try to informationize the national economy

引导房地产业健康发展

guide the real estate sector onto a path of sound development

转变经济增长方式，改变高投入、低产出，高消耗、低效益的状况

change the mode of economic growth，putting an end to the situation featuring high input，low output，high consumption and low efficiency

经济结构的战略性调整

strategic readjustment in the economic structure

振兴机械电子、石油化工、汽车制造和建筑业等支柱产业

invigorate pillar industries such as the machine building and electronics industries，the petrochemical industry，the automobile industry and construction industry（or building industry）

正确处理第一、二、三产业的关系

correctly handle the relationships between primary，secondary and tertiary industries

走新型工业化道路

take a new road to industrialization

（二）农业和农村经济

Agriculture and Rural Economy

农业是经济的基础

agriculture as the foundation of the economy

农业投入

agricultural input/input（or investment）in agriculture

农业现代化

modernization of agriculture

农业产业化经营

industrial management of agriculture

农业持续稳定增长

sustained and steady growth of agriculture

农业多种经营

diversified agricultural economy

农业法

Agriculture Law

农业富余劳动力

surplus rural labor forces

农业技术推广法

Law of the Agricultural Technology（or Agro Technique）Extension

农业机械化

mechanization of agriculture/farm mechanization

农业基础设施

agricultural infrastructure

农业集约经营

intensive management of agriculture

农业技术推广网络

agricultural technology extension network

农业抗灾能力

the ability of agriculture to withstand natural

disasters

农业科技革命

scientific and technological revolution in agriculture

农业内部结构

internal（or interior）structure of agriculture

农业商品化

commercialization of agriculture

农业社会化服务体系

socialized service system for agriculture

农业生产条件

production conditions in agriculture

农业生产基础条件

the basic conditions for agricultural production

农业生产结构调整

readjustment of the structure of agricultural production

农业生产力水平

the level of agricultural productive forces/the level of agricultural productivity

农业生态环境

ecological environment in（or for）agriculture/agroecological environment

农业适度规模经营

agricultural production and operation at a proper scale/proper-scale operations of agriculture

农业专业化

specialization of agriculture

农业装备水平

the standards of agricultural equipment/the quality and quantity of farming equipment

农业综合开发

the overall development of agriculture

农业综合效益

the overall efficiency of agriculture

农业总产值

the total output value of agriculture

农业综合生产能力

production capacity/overall productivity in agriculture

农业区域经济

regional economy in agriculture

“三农”问题（农业、农村、农民问题）

the questions of agriculture，rural areas and farmers/（the issues of agriculture，countryside and peasants）/（the issues of agriculture，rural areas and farmers）

农业规模经济

larger-scale farming

农业人口

agricultural population

农业税费改革

the reform of tax and fee collections in the rural areas

大农业

greater（multi-form）agriculture

三高农业

high-yield，cost-efficient and high-tech farming/high-tech farming with high yields and returns

生存农业

subsistence agriculture

创汇农业

export oriented agriculture/agriculture with export and foreign exchange earnings as its main objective/agriculture that generates foreign exchange earnings

特色农业

specialized agriculture

高产优质高效农业

highly efficient farming to provide greater and better yields

集约农业

intensive agriculture

旱作农业

dry-land farming

家庭承包责任制

household-based contract responsibility system

联产承包

contract with remuneration linked to output

联产承包责任制

contract system with remuneration linked to output

家庭承包经营

household contract operation

联产计酬

calculation of remuneration according to output

打白条

issue（write out）an IOU（I owe you）

责任制

the household responsibility system/responsibility system

家庭承包制

household-based contract system

生产责任制

production responsibility system

土地承包

land contract/contracting of land

土地承包关系

land contract relations

土地承包经营权流转

the transfer of the contractual right of land

土地承包期

land contract period（or term）

大包干

all-round contract（system）

包产到户

fixing of farm output quotas for each household

包产田，承包田

contracted field

试验田

pilot undertaking/experimental field

中低产田

medium-and low-yield fields

“土地流转”

land exchange

粮食播种面积

grain acreage

粮食单位面积产量

per unit area yield of grain

粮食风险基金制度

grain risk fund system

粮食生产

grain production

粮食综合生产能力

overall grain production capacity/the comprehensive grain production ability

稳定发展粮食生产

steadily develop grain production

稳定粮食生产能力

stabilize our grain production capacities

粮食自给率

self-sufficiency rate of grain

粮食总产量

total grain output

粮食主产区

the main grain-producing area

粮食主销区

the main grain-consuming area

粮食安全

grain security/stability of the grain market food security

粮食收购价

grain purchasing price

“米袋子”工程

“rice bag”project农产品

agriculture products

农产品加工业

farm products processing industry

成品粮

food grain

商品粮

commodity grain/marketable grain

专用粮

grain for special use

饲料粮

（animal）feed grain

高产作物

high-yield crop/high productive crop

抗（耐）寒作物

cold-resistant crop

抗（耐）旱作物

drought-resistant crops

抗霜作物

frost-resistant crops

旱涝保收

ensure stable yields despite drought or excessive rain/ensure profits no matter how the situation changes

科学种田

scientific farming

精耕细作

intensive cultivation/intensive and meticulous farming

稳产高产

stable and high yields

深加工产品

deeply-processed products

单产

per unit（area）yield

单一种植

one-crop farming/single cropping

颗粒肥料

granulated fertilizer

深度施肥

deep fertilization

无土栽培

soilless culture

地膜

mulch film

农田基本建设

capital construction of farmland/construction of farmland improvement projects

改造中低产田

reform medium-and low-yield fields

水土保持

water and soil conservation

因地制宜

adjust measures to local conditions/proceed in light of local conditions

自给自足

self-sufficient

自产自销

market one's own products

增产增收

increase both production and income

林业

forestry

林业建设

construction in forestry/forestry development

草原

grassland

防风林

windbreak（forest）

荒漠

barren desert/waste land

山地

mountains

经济作物

industrial crop/cash crop

畜牧业

animal husbandry

渔业

fishery

渔业法

Fisheries Law

远洋渔业

deep-sea fishery

海洋渔业

marine fishery

水产养殖

aquiculture/aquaculture

水产业

aquaculture

深海鱼油

deep sea fish oil

深海鱼苗

deep sea fish fry

庭院经济

courtyard economy

家庭副业

household sideline production

家庭工业

household industry/

household manufacture

村办企业

village-run enterprise

农用工业

agro-industry

多种经营

diversified economy/engage in diverse economic undertakings

名特产品

famous special（local）product

农副产品加工业

farm and sideline products processing（industry）

农工贸一体化

integration of agriculture，industry and trade

农林牧副渔各业

farming，forestry，animal husbandry，sideline production and fishery

水利建设

construction of water conservancy facilities（or of water-control facilities）/the building of water conservancy projects/water conservancy construction

兴修水利

engage in water conservancy projects

南水北调

South-to-North water diversion/diverting water from the south to the north/divert water from the Yangtze River to North China

南水北调工程

projects to divert water from the south to the north

农田水利工程

farmland water conservancy works

灌溉工程

irrigation projects

灌溉面积

irrigated area

节水灌溉

water-saving irrigation

节水农业

an agriculture with good water-saving results/water-efficient agriculture

泛洪区

flooded area/flood plain

洪峰

flood peak

水淹区

flooded（inundated）area

蓄洪工程

flood storage project

蓄洪区

flood storage area

防洪

prevent（or control）floods/flood prevention（or control）

防洪能力

the capability of preventing floods

防洪调蓄能力

flood-control，flow-management and storage capabilities

防洪治涝

flood prevention and water-logging control

防汛抗旱

flood control and drought relief

集约化

intensive

集约经营

intensive operation

农村改革

rural reform（s）

农村经济

rural economy

集体经济

collective economy

农村产业结构

rural structure of production

农村经济体制改革

rural reform of the economic structure/rural economic restructuring

农村市场

rural market

农村税费制度

the system of administrative fees and taxes in rural areas

农村信用社

rural credit cooperatives

农村供销社

rural supply and marketing cooperatives

供销合作社

supply and marketing cooperatives

信用合作社

credit cooperatives

农村商业网点

a network of commercial establishments in rural areas/rural commercial establishments and networks

农村电网建设

construction of power grids in rural areas

乡镇企业

township enterprises/town and township enterprises/township and village enterprises

乡镇企业法

Law on Town and Township Enterprises

农民生产经营自主权

the decision-making power of peasants in their production and operations/farmers'autonomy in production and operation

农民土地使用权

peasants'right to land-use

农民合法权益

the peasants'lawful rights and interests

农民合作经济组织

the peasants'cooperative economic organizations

农民收入

the peasants'income

农民负担

peasants'burdens

单干户

household engaged in individual farming

五保户

household enjoying five guarantees

缺粮户

grain deficient household

土地

land

土地管理

land administration

土地经营权流转制度

land operation rights transfer system

土地适度规模经营

proper-scale land operation/operation of land at a proper scale

农村剩余劳动力（农村富余劳动力）

surplus rural labor（laborers）forces

农村剩余劳动力转移

the transfer of rural surplus labor

按保护价收购农民余粮

purchase peasants'surplus grain at protective prices

按照建立社会主义市场经济体制改革的要求，深化农村改革

deepen rural reform in accordance with the requirements for establishing a socialist market economy

保持农民收入的稳定增长

ensure the steady increase of the peasants'income

保护农民的合法权益

protect the peasants'legitimate rights and interests

保持农业和农村经济的持续发展

maintain sustained development of agriculture and rural economy

必须始终把农业放在国民经济发展的首位

We must always give first priority to agriculture in the development of national economy.

必须始终把发展农村经济、提高农业生产力水平作为整个农村工作的中心

We must always make the development of rural economy and raising of the level of agricultural productive forces as the central task of all our rural work.

“菜篮子”工程

“vegetable basket”project

“菜篮子”市长负责制

the system of city mayors assuming responsibility for the“vegetable basket”

长期稳定土地承包关系

long-term contracts on land lease

长期稳定党的农村基本政策

keep the Party's basic rural policies stable for a long time to come/stabilize the Party's basic rural policies over a long period of time

大力推进科教兴农

step up the effort to develop agriculture by relying on science and education

调动广大农民的积极性

arouse（or mobilize，or stimulate）the enthusiasm（or initiative）of the broad masses of the peasants

对农民要多予少取

More should be given（to）and less taken from peasants.

发挥各地农业的比较优势

adjust the patterns of agricultural production appropriately in different regions，taking into account their local comparative advantages

高产优质高效农业

an agriculture featuring high yields，fine quality and high efficiency

耕地总量的动态平衡

the dynamic equilibrium of the total cultivated land

国家对农业的支持和保护体系

a system of the state for supporting and protecting agriculture/a system of state support and protection for agriculture

基本农田保护制度

a system for the basic farmland protection/the basic farmland protecting system

加快以水利为重点的农业基本建设

accelerate agricultural capital construction focused on water conservancy projects

加强农业基础地位

strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy

加强农业和农村基础设施建设

step up the construction of agricultural and rural infrastructure

坚持以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的经营制度

adhere to the operation system of combining unification and separation，with the household contract operation as the basis

减轻农民负担

lighten the burden on peasants/lighten the peasants'burdens

积极探索实现农业现代化的具体途径

try to explore concrete ways to realize modernization of agriculture

科教兴农

develop agriculture by relying on science and education（or on science and technology and on education）

粮食基本自给

basic self-efficiency in grain

粮棉稳定增产

steady increase of the output of grain and cotton/steadily increase the output of grain and cotton

“米袋子”省长负责制

the system of provincial governors assuming responsibility for the“rice bag”

农业是国民经济的基础

Agriculture is the foundation of national economy.

农业科研、教育、技术推广相结合

integrate research，education and technique extension in agriculture

农业、农村和农民问题是关系改革开放和现

代化建设全局的重大问题

The issues of agriculture，countryside and peasants（or agriculture，rural areas and farmers）are major issues having a bearing on（or vital to）the overall situation of China's reform，opening up and modernization.

保持全国耕地总量动态平衡

maintain the dynamic stability of total arable land acreage in the nation

确保农产品有效提供和农民收入持续增长

ensure an effective supply of farm product and a sustained increase in peasants'income

土地承包期再延长30年的政策

the policy of prolonging（or extending）the land contract period（or term）for another 30 years

提高科技对农业增长的贡献率

increase the contribution of science and technology to the growth in agriculture

推进农业向商品化、专业化、现代化的转变give impetus to the development of agriculture toward commercialization，specialization and modernization

推动农产品生产、加工和销售环节的有机结合和相互促进

integrate the production，processing and marketing of farm produce and have all these sectors support each other

完善统分结合的双层经营体制

improve the two-tier operation system that combines unified management with independent（or separate）management/improve the two-tier management system that combines unification and separation（or diversification）/improve two-layer management system featuring the integration of centralization and decentralization

稳定完善土地承包关系

stabilize and improve land contract relations

乡统筹，村提留

contributions to township and village public accumulation funds

以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制

the two-tier management system that integrates unified management with separate one on the basis of household contract management

优质农产品基地建设

construction of quality agricultural product bases

逐步壮大集体经济实力

gradually boost the strength of collective economy

在干旱地区发展节水灌溉和旱作农业

develop water-saving irrigation and dry-land farming in arid areas

在具备条件的地方，发展多种形式的土地适度规模经营

develop diverse forms of proper-scale land operation where conditions are ripe

制定确保农村土地承包关系长期稳定的法律法规，赋予农民长期而有保障的土地使用权

make laws and statutes to ensure long-term stability of the rural land contract relations with a view to granting peasants a long-term and secure right to land-use

综合发展农林牧副渔各业

develop farming，forestry，animal husbandry，sideline production and fishery in an all-round way

尊重农民的生产经营自主权respect the decision-making power of peasants in their productions and operations

（三）工业经济

Industrial Economic

工业体系

industrial system

基础工业

basic industry

现代工业

modern industry

先驱工业

pioneer industry

后备工业

supporting industry

新兴工业

fledgling（infant）industry

夕阳产业

sunset industry/declining industry/industry with no future

朝阳工业（微电子，新材料，汽车，生物工程，宇航，海洋开发，等等）

sunrise industry（microelectronics，new materials，automation，bio-engineering，space navigation，ocean development，etc.）

工业增加值

added value of industry

工业总产值

total output value of industry

老工业基地

old industrial bases

先进适用技术

advanced and applicable techniques

工业产权

industrial property（rights）

关键技术

key technology

关键产品

key products

低级工业制品

low-end products

较高级的产品

higher-end products

高、精、尖产品

high-grade precision and advanced products

产品积压

overstocked products

初级产品

primary products

折旧

depreciation

折旧基金

depreciation fund

折旧率

depreciation rate/rate of depreciation

工交战线

the industry and communications front

工贸公司

industrial and trading company

系列化生产

to produce in serial form

工业间谍

industrial spy

（四）轻工业

Light Industry

家用电器

electrical household appliances

电视机

TV sets

闭路电视

closed-circuit television

数码电视机

digital television

电冰箱

refrigerator/fridge/

freezer

轻纺工业

light and textile industries

服装业

clothing industry

超细纤维

superfine fibre

棉布

cotton cloth

皮革业

leather products/traditional handicrafts/

national handicraft industry

食品加工制造业

food processing and manufacturing

食品工业

food industry/foodstuffs industry

食品多样化生产

diversified food production

糖

sugar

烟草加工业

tobacco processing

医药制造业

pharmaceuticals/medical manufacturing industry

印刷业

printing business

造纸

papermaking

民族手工业

national handicrafts

木制品

timber products

（五）装备制造业

Equipment Manufacturing

成套设备

complete sets of equipment

电子及通信设备制造业

electronic and telecommunications equipment making

交通运输设备制造业

transportation equipment making

有色金属冶炼及压延加工业

non-ferrous metallurgy pressing and stretching processing

黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业

ferrous metal metallurgy，pressing，stretching and processing

钢铁

iron and steel

钢铁工业

iron and steel industry

黑色金属采选业

ferrous metal mining

仪器仪表文化办公机械

instruments cultural and office machinery

普通机械制造业

general machine making

机械工业

machine-building industry

汽车

automobiles

机械

machinery

航空工程

aeronautical engineering

航空工业

aviation industry

航天工业

aerospace industry

航天技术

space technology

加工工业

processing industry

造船业

shipbuilding industry

重工业

heavy industry

金属制品

metal products

非金属矿制品

non-metal mineral products

（六）原材料工业

Raw and Processed（or Semi-finished）Materials Industries

化学纤维制造业

chemical fibre manufacturing

化学原料及制品业

chemical raw materials and manufactured products

合成染料

synthetic dye

合成石油

synthetic petroleum

合成树脂

synthetic resin

合成洗涤剂

synthetic detergent

合成纤维

synthetic fibre

合成橡胶

synthetic rubber

化学纤维

chemical fibre

塑料制品业

plastic products industry

橡胶制品业

rubber products industry

石油工业

petroleum industry/oil industry

石油化工

petrochemical industry

石油加工及冶炼业

crude oil refinery

石油加工及炼焦业

petroleum processing and coking

石油天然气开采业

petroleum exploration

石化

petrol-chemicals

化肥

chemical fertilizer

海洋医药业

marine pharmaceutical industry

建筑材料业

constructing（building）materials industry

建材

building materials

玻璃

glass

水泥

cement

核燃料

nuclear fuel

光学纤维/（光导纤维）

optical fibre/（light guide fibre）

（七）高技术产业

High-tech Industries

高技术（高科技）

high technology/high-tech

高技术产业

high-tech industries

高新技术

high and new technology（or technologies）

高新技术成果产业化

application of high and new technology in production

高附加值产品

product of high added-value

技术密集型产业

technology-intensive industries

技术与资金密集型产品

technology and capital-intensive products

空间站（宇航站）

space station

航空站

airport

地面站

earth（land）station

宇宙飞船

spaceship

宇宙空间

cosmic space

地球同步卫星

geostationary（synchronous）satellite

返回式遥感卫星

recoverable remote sensing satellite

载人卫星

manned satellite

地面卫星站（卫星地面接收站）

satellite earth station/ground satellite（receiving）station

卫星发射

satellite launching

卫星通信

satellite telecommunications

卫星遥感技术

satellite remote sensing technology

卫星气象系统

the meteorological satellite system

卫星云图

cloud atlas sent back by a meteorological satellite/satellite cloud picture

亚洲一号通信卫星

Asia sat I telecommunications satellite（launched on April 7，1990）

新型运载火箭

new-type carrier rockets

远程运载火箭

long-range carrier rocket

载人航天飞机

manned spacecraft

全球定位系统

global positioning system（GPS）

工业机器人

industrial robot

纳米

nanometer

纳米科学

nanoscience

超显微镜

ultramicroscope

生物工程

bioengineering

生物技术

biotechnology

微电子技术

microelectronic technology

遗传工程

genetic engineering

生命科学

life science

无性繁殖

vegetative propagation/clone

转基因

transgene

转基因技术

transgenesis

基因组学

genomic

核糖核酸

ribo-nucleic acid（RNA）

仿生学

bionics

（八）信息产业

Information Industry

信息产业（信息工业）

information industry

信息化

information-centered/informationization

信息经济

information economy

信息社会

information society

信息时代

information era

信息革命

information revolution

信息网

information network

信息港

information port

信息污染

information pollution

信息系统

information system

信息产品制造业

manufacturing of information technology products/manufacturing industry of information products

信息处理现代化

modernization of information processing

信息基础设施建设

information infrastructure construction

信息高速公路

information superhighway

信息技术

information technology

电信

telecommunications

固定电话

fixed telephone

移动电话

cellular telephone

程控电话

program-controlled telephone/SPC

通信

communication

远程通信

long-range communication/telecommunication

移动通信网

mobile telecommunication networks

光纤通信线路

optical fibre telecommunications line

电话号码升位

expand telephone numbering system

电话预装费

telephone subscription

电信公司

telecommunications company

电子工业

electronics industry

家用电子工业

domestic electronic industry

电子计算机

electronic computer

电子计算器

electronic calculator

电子望远镜

electron telescope

电子显微镜

electron microscope

电子工程

electronic engineering

电子政务

e-government

电子信息技术

electron-information technology/electronic information technology

电子元器件及其生产检测设备

electronic components and related manufacturing and testing equipment

电缆电视

cable TV

电脑

electronic brain/computer

主干网络

trunk network

局域网络

regional network

计算机网络

computer networks

信息数据

information and data

电子信箱（电子邮件）

electronic mailbox

电子商务

electronic business/electronic commerce/e-commerce

硅谷

silicon valley

资源共享

resource sharing

高速宽带信息网络

high-speed，wide-band information networks

计算机软件

computer software

计算机应用

computer application

软件产业

software industry

系统集成能力

system integration capacity

关键集成电路

key integrated circuits

集成电路技术与设备

technology and equipment for integrated circuits

（九）能源

Energy

能源结构

structure of energy supply

能源利用率

energy utilization ratio/energy efficiency

能源转换

energy conversion

能源供需差距

energy gap/gap in energy supply

能源短缺

energy shortage

能源危机

energy crisis

电力工业

（electric）power industry

发电装机容量

（installed）power-generating capacity

发电量

generating capacity/output of electricity

后备电源

back-up source

并网发电

generate electricity by way of merging grid systems

厂网分开

separate power plants from grids operation and bid for prices

电力法

Electricity Law

煤炭

coal

煤炭工业

coal industry

高产高效矿井

highly productive and efficient mines

坑口大机组火电

large-scale thermal power plants near coal mines

西气东输

the transmission of natural gas from western to eastern regions

西电东送

the transmission of electricity from western to eastern regions

小火电

small thermal power stations

水电

hydroelectric power

水力发电

hydroelectric power generation/hydraulic power generation

发电装机容量

installed power-generating capacity

低耗

low consumption（of energy，etc.）

海洋可再生能源

regenerate（renewable）marine energy

海洋能发电

power generation with marine energy

海洋能开发利用

exploitation of marine energy

海洋石油勘探开发

offshore oil exploration and exploitation

海洋石油天然气产业

offshore oil and natural gas industry

核电

nuclear power

核电站

nuclear power plant

核电行业

nuclear power industry

核能和平利用

peaceful use（or utilization）of nuclear energy

核能技术

nuclear energy technology

核子能

nuclear energy

原油

crude oil

石油及天然气

petroleum and natural gas/oil and gas

清洁能源

clean energy

二次能源

secondary energy

可再生能源

regenerative energy/renewable energy

太阳能发动机

solar engine

欧佩克（石油输出国组织）

OPEC（the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries/Opec）

加快石油和天然气勘探和开发

accelerate exploration and exploitation of oil and natural gas resources

节约能源与发展能源工业并重的方针

the principle of attaching equal importance to economizing on energy（energy conservation）and the expansion of energy industry

提高能源利用效率

raise the energy utilization efficiency

调整能源结构

readjust the energy structure

新能源［新材料］的研究开发

research and development of new sources of energy［new materials］

（十）交通运输业

Communications and Transportation Industry

运输

transportation

公路法

Highway Law

公路干线

trunk highway

高速公路

expressway/freeway

立交桥

cloverleaf intersection

国道

state highway

公路国道主干线

trunk highways

公共交通

public transportation

以路养路

use tolls to repay loans and to finance new roads

收费公路

toll road

收费桥

toll bridge

畅通工程

Smooth Traffic Project

一般货运

ordinary cargo transportation

集装箱

container

集装箱运输

container transportation

厢式货车

van

冷藏运输

refrigerated transportation

特殊运输

special transportation

铁路运输业

railway transportation industry

轻轨

light rail

轻轨火车

light rail train（vehicle）

双层列车

double（double-decker）train

营运

engage in transport

磁悬浮列车

magnetic levitation train

高速列车

bullet train

电气化铁路

electric（electrified）railway

青藏铁路

the planned Qinghai-Tibet Railway

铁路法

Railway Law

民航业

civil aviation industry

门户机场

door airports/entry and exit airports

空中交通管制

air transport route control

空港

airport/aerodrome/airfield

航空港

air harbour

空中客车

airbus

超音速喷气机

superjet

超音速运输机

supersonic transport

民用航空法

Civil Aviation Law

黑匣子

black box/in-flight recorder

港口

harbors

内河航道

inland channel/river navigation routes

海上交通安全法

Maritime Traffic Safety Law

海洋交通运输

maritime transportation

航运

shipping

客货船

passenger-cargo vessel

客流高峰

commuter rush hour

邮电

post and telecommunications

邮政法

Postal Law

建立健全畅通、安全、便捷的现代综合运输体系

establish a comprehensive modern transportation system that is unimpeded，safe and convenient

现代综合运输体系

modem overall transportation system

主要水陆交通干线

main water and land transportation lines

（十一）商业服务业

Service Industry

商业

commerce/business/trade

商品贸易

trade in commodities/commodity trade

商品市场

commodity market

商业周期

business cycle/service businesses

商业零售（零售业）

retailing business

服务业

service industry

现代服务业

modem service industry

服务贸易

service trade

易货贸易

barter（trade）

服务性消费

service consumption

餐饮

catering

餐饮业

catering industry/catering

快餐业

snack（fast-food）industry

超级市场

supermarket

仓储式连锁店

chain store of warehouse/warehouse club

仓储式商店

warehouse store

仓储式销售

warehouse selling

零售网

retail network

零售行

retail house

批发行

wholesale house

畅销商品

fast-selling commodity/best seller

伪劣商品

fake and inferior goods

小商品

small commodities

压库滞销商品

overstocked and unsaleable commodities stock

goods

滞货

unsaleable goods/

slow seller

中低档产品

low and medium-grade goods

中高档产品

medium and high-grade goods

营业开支

operating expenses/

overheads

营业收入

operating revenues

娱乐性行业

entertainment industry

服务行业承诺制

system of offering guarantees to consumers in service industry（or service）

服务领域对外开放

opening to the outside world in service sectors

家务劳动社会化

socialization of housework

现代经营方式和服务技术

up-to-date management and service technology

咨询

consulting

（十二）旅游业

Tourist Industry

旅游

tourism

旅游城市

tourist city/playland

旅游区

tourist area

旅游景点

tourist spot

旅游热点

hot travel spot/tourist attraction

游览区

tourist area

海洋旅游业

marine tourism

假日经济

holiday economy

（十三）建筑业

Construction Industry

建筑业

construction industry/building industry

建筑法

Construction Law