“Bilateral+Multilateral” Theory: New Exploration of the China-CEEC Cooperation

Liu Zuokui[1]

Abstract: The China-CEEC Cooperation is an innovative creation of the major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, and a remarkable outcome of the Belt and Road construction in Europe. The practices of China-CEEC Cooperation are pragmatic, effective, and reciprocal, but the relevant theoretical debate is still in its infancy. Although some theories, such as Group Cooperation Diplomacy, Pragmatic Institutionalism, Regional Public Goods, and Inclusive Regionalism, try to grasp and summarize the characteristics of China-CEEC Cooperation, they cannot cover the entire picture of the Cooperation. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of the above theories, the article puts forward the “bilateral+multilateral” theory, deeply analyzes its connotation, strategic value, and areas to be improved. Strengthening the theoretical analysis of China-CEEC Cooperation will not only help to enrich the diplomatic ideas, thoughts, and paths with Chinese characteristics, but also help to deepen the correct understanding of China-CEEC Cooperation, increase trust and dispel doubts, and create conditions for further promoting bilateral and multilateral cooperation under the China-CEEC Cooperation mechanism.

Keywords: China-CEEC Cooperation;The Belt and Road Initiative;“Bilateral+Multilateral” Theory;Chinese Diplomacy