1. Hoffmann F，Schmalhofer M，Lehner M，et al. Comparison of the AVPU scale and the pediatric GCS in prehospital setting. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2016 ；20（4）：493-8.

2. Nuttall AG，Paton KM，Kemp AM. To what extent are GCS and AVPU equivalent to each other when assessing the level of consciousness of children with head injury？A cross-sectional study of UK hospital admissions. BMJ Open. 2018 ；8（11）：e023216.

3. 万学红，卢雪峰.诊断学.第9版.北京：人民卫生出版社，2018.